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Líder do Partido Conservador

O líder do Partido Conservador (oficialmente o líder do Partido Conservador e Unionista ) lidera o Partido Conservador Britânico como seu membro mais antigo. A atual titular do cargo é Liz Truss, que foi eleita para o cargo a partir de 5 de setembro, após sua vitória nas eleições para a liderança do partido.[1] Truss renunciou ao cargo de líder em 20 de outubro de 2022, apenas 45 dias após ser eleito. Outro líder substituirá Truss em 28 de outubro. Até então, ela permanece titular.

Desde a formação do partido em 1834 até 1922, o líder do Partido Conservador não era um cargo formal; em vez disso, havia um líder partidário em cada câmara do Parlamento, e eles eram considerados iguais, a menos que um tivesse precedência sobre o outro, como quando um estava servindo como primeiro-ministro. Após a aprovação da Lei do Parlamento de 1911, a redução do poder na Câmara dos Lordes sugeriu que o líder conservador na Câmara dos Comuns seria preeminente, mas esse fato não foi formalizado até 1922.

Desde 1922, um líder do Partido Conservador é eleito formalmente, mesmo quando o partido é da oposição. Originalmente, o líder do partido foi nomeado de forma opaca por outros membros de alto escalão do partido. Esse processo foi gradualmente democratizado no final do século XX; em 1965, a nomeação estava vinculada à votação dos deputados partidários e, em 1998, o processo foi aberto a todos os partidários para decidir entre os dois últimos candidatos selecionados pelos parlamentares.[2][3]

De acordo com as regras do partido, os membros podem votar na liderança conservadora mesmo que não sejam cidadãos britânicos, não vivam no Reino Unido e não tenham o direito de votar nas eleições gerais do Reino Unido.[4][5]

Em setembro de 2022, três dos líderes do partido eram mulheres: Margaret Thatcher, Theresa May e Liz Truss, todas como primeira-ministra.

Líderes gerais do partido (1834-1922) editar

Líder geral
(Birth–death) 		Retrato Constituinte / título Tomou posse Deixou o escritório Prime Minister (term)
Sir Robert Peel
(1788–1850) 		  Tamworth 18 de dezembro de 1834 [a] 29 de junho de 1846 ele mesmo 1834–35
Melbourne 1835–41
ele mesmo

1841–46

Edward Smith-Stanley
14º Conde de Derby from 1851
(1799-1869) 		  Barão Stanley
(1846-1851)


Conde de Derby
(1851-1868) 		29 de junho de 1846 27 de fevereiro de 1868 Russel

1846–52

ele mesmo

1852

Aberdeen 1852–55
Palmerston 1855–58
ele mesmo

1858–59

Palmerston

1859–65

Russel

1865–66

ele mesmo

1866–68

Benjamin Disraeli
1º Conde de Beaconsfield from 1876
(1804-1881) 		  Buckinghamshire
(1868–1876)

Conde de Beaconsfield
(1876-1881) 		27 de fevereiro de 1868 19 de abril de 1881
(morreu no escritório) 		ele mesmo

1868

Gladstone 1868–74
ele mesmo

1874–80

Gladstone

1880–85

Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3º Marquês de Salisbury
(1830-1903) 		  Marquês de Salisbury 23 de junho de 1885 11 de julho de 1902 ele mesmo

1885–86

Gladstone

1886

ele mesmo

1886–92

Gladstone

1892–94

Rosebery 1894–95
ele mesmo

1895–1902

Arthur Balfour
(1848-1930) 		  Leste de Manchester
( 1902-1906 )
Cidade de Londres
( 1906-1911 ) 		11 de julho de 1902 13 de novembro de 1911 ele mesmo

1902–05

C.-

1905–08

Asquith

1908–16

David Lloyd George

(1916–22)

Andrew Bonar Law
(1858–1923) 		  Bootle
(1916-1918)

Centro de Glasgow
(1918-1921) 		10 de dezembro de 1916 21 de março de 1921 1921-1922

Líderes do partido (1922-presente) editar

Linha do tempo editar

Ex-líderes partidários vivos editar

Há oito ex-líderes do partido vivos. Do mais velho ao mais novo:

Líder Mandato Data de nascimento
Michael Howard 2003–2005 7 de julho de 1941 (82 anos)
John Major 1990–1995 29 de março de 1943 (81 anos)
1995–1997
Iain Duncan Smith 2001–2003 9 de abril de 1954 (70 anos)
Teresa May 2016–2019 1 de outubro de 1956 (67 anos)
William Haia 1997–2001 26 de março de 1961 (63 anos)
Boris Johnson 2019–2022 19 de junho de 1964 (59 anos)
David Cameron 2005–2016 9 de outubro de 1966 (57 anos)
Liz Truss 2022 26 de julho de 1975 (48 anos)

Líderes da Câmara dos Lordes e dos Comuns editar

Líderes na Câmara dos Lordes (1834-presente) editar

Os asteriscos foram considerados o líder geral do partido.

  • O Duque de Wellington : 1834-1846
  • Lord Stanley (14º Conde de Derby de 1851): 9 de março de 1846 - 27 de fevereiro de 1868 *, eleito em uma reunião do partido
  • O Conde de Malmesbury : 1868-1869, nomeado pelo primeiro-ministro Disraeli
  • The Lord Cairns : 1869-1870, eleito em uma reunião do partido 
Portrait Leader Term of office LOTO Other ministerial offices held as Leader of the House of Lords
  The Duke of Richmond and Lennox 26 February

1870 		21 August

1876 		1870–1874 – Lord President of the Council (21 February 1874 – 28 April 1880)
  The Earl of Beaconsfield* 21 August

1876 		19 April

1881 		1880–1881 – Prime Minister (20 February 1874 – 21 April 1880)

– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (12 August 1876 – 4 February 1878)
  The Marquess of Salisbury* 9 May

1881 		12 July

1902 		1881–1885

1886

1892–1895 		– Prime Minister (23 June 1885 – 28 January 1886)

– Foreign Secretary (24 June 1885 – 6 February 1886)

– Prime Minister (25 July 1886 – 11 August 1892)

– Foreign Secretary (14 January 1887 – 11 August 1892)

– Prime Minister (25 June 1895 – 11 July 1902)

– Foreign Secretary (29 June 1895 – 12 November 1900)

– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (12 November 1900 – 11 July 1902)
  The Duke of Devonshire 12 July

1902 		10 October

1903 		– Lord President of the Council (29 June 1895 – 19 October 1903)

– President of the Board of Education (3 March 1900 – 8 August 1902)
  The Marquess of Lansdowne 10 October

1903 		10 December

1916 		1905–1915 – Foreign Secretary (12 November 1900 – 4 December 1905)

– Minister without Portfolio (25 May 1915 – 10 December 1916)
  The Earl Curzon of Kedleston

(1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston from 1921) 		10 December

1916 		20 March

1925 		1924 – President of the Air Board (15 May 1916 – 3 January 1917)

– Lord President of the Council (10 December 1916 – 23 October 1919)

– Foreign Secretary (23 October 1919 – 22 January 1924)

– Lord President of the Council (3 November 1924 – 20 March 1925)
  The Marquess of Salisbury 27 April

1925 		17 June

1931 		1929–1931 – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (6 November 1924 – 4 June 1929)
  The Viscount Hailsham 17 June

1931 		7 June

1935 		1931 – War Secretary (5 November 1931 – 7 June 1935)
  The Marquess of Londonderry 7 June

1935 		22 November

1935 		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
  The Viscount Halifax 22 November

1935 		21 February

1938 		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (22 November 1935 – 28 May 1937)

– Lord President of the Council (22 May 1937 – 9 March 1938)
  The Earl Stanhope 21 February

1938 		14 May

1940 		– President of the Board of Education (28 May 1937 – 27 October 1938)

– First Lord of the Admiralty (27 October 1938 – 3 September 1939)

– Lord President of the Council (3 September 1939 – 10 May 1940)
  The Viscount Caldecot 14 May

1940 		3 October

1940 		– Dominions Secretary
  The Viscount Halifax 3 October

1940 		22 December

1940 		– Foreign Secretary (21 February 1938 – 22 December 1940)
  The Lord Lloyd 22 December

1940 		8 February

1941 		– Colonial Secretary (12 May 1940 – 4 February 1941)
  The Lord Moyne 8 February

1941 		22 February

1942 		– Colonial Secretary
  Viscount Cranborne

(5th Marquess of Salisbury from 1947) 		21 February

1942 		29 March

1957 		1945–1951 – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (21 February 1942 – 24 September 1943)

– Colonial Secretary (21 February 1942 – 22 November 1942)

– Dominions Secretary (24 September 1943 – 26 July 1945)

– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (28 October 1951 – 7 May 1952)

– Commonwealth Relations Secretary (12 March 1952 – 24 November 1952)

– Lord President of the Council (25 November 1952 – 29 March 1957)
  The Earl of Home 29 March

1957 		27 July

1960 		– Commonwealth Relations Secretary (7 April 1955 – 27 July 1960)

– Lord President of the Council (until 17 September 1957, from 14 October 1959)
  The Viscount Hailsham 27 July

1960 		20 October

1963 		– Lord President of the Council

– Minister for Science (14 October 1959 – 20 October 1963)
  The Lord Carrington 20 October

1963 		20 June

1970 		1964–1970 – Minister without Portfolio (20 October 1963 – 16 October 1964)
  The Earl Jellicoe 20 June

1970 		23 May

1973 		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
  The Lord Windlesham 23 May

1973 		4 March

1974 		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
  The Lord Carrington 4 March

1974 		4 May

1979 		1974–1979 –
  The Lord Soames 5 May

1979 		14 September

1981 		– Lord President of the Council
  The Baroness Young 14 September

1981 		11 June

1983 		– Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (14 September 1981 – 7 April 1982)

– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (7 April 1982 – 11 June 1983)
  The Viscount Whitelaw 11 June

1983 		10 January

1988 		– Lord President of the Council
  The Lord Belstead 10 January

1988 		28 November

1990 		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
  The Lord Waddington 28 November

1990 		11 April

1992 		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
  The Lord Wakeham 11 April

1992 		20 July

1994 		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
  Viscount Cranborne

(7th Marquess of Salisbury from 2003) 		20 July

1994 		3 December

1998 		1997–1998 – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (20 July 1994 – 2 May 1997)
  The Lord Strathclyde 3 December

1998 		7 January

2013 		1998–2010 – Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (12 May 2010 – 7 January 2013)
  The Lord Hill of Oareford 7 January

2013 		15 July

2014 		– Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
  The Baroness Stowell of Beeston 15 July

2014 		14 July

2016 		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
  The Baroness Evans of Bowes Park 14 July

2016 		6 September

2022 		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
  The Lord True 6 September

2022 		Incumbent – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal

Líderes na Câmara dos Comuns (1834-1922) editar

Os asteriscos foram considerados o líder geral do partido.

  • Sir Robert Peel : 18 de dezembro de 1834 [a] – 1846*
  • Lord George Bentinck : 1846-1847
  • O Marquês de Granby : 9 de fevereiro de 1848 - 4 de março de 1848, eleito em uma reunião do partido 
  • Nenhum: 1848–1849
  • Conjuntamente Benjamin Disraeli, o Marquês de Granby, e John Charles Herries : 1849-1852, [b] eleito em uma reunião do partido 
  • Benjamin Disraeli : 1852 – 21 de agosto de 1876 (líder geral de 27 de fevereiro de 1868)
  • Sir Stafford Northcote : 21 de agosto de 1876 - 24 de junho de 1885, nomeado pelo primeiro-ministro Beaconsfield
  • Sir Michael Hicks Beach : 24 de junho de 1885 - 3 de agosto de 1886, nomeado pelo primeiro-ministro Salisbury
  • Lord Randolph Churchill : 3 de agosto de 1886 - 14 de janeiro de 1887, nomeado pelo primeiro-ministro Salisbury
  • William Henry Smith : 17 de janeiro de 1887 - 6 de outubro de 1891, nomeado pelo primeiro-ministro Salisbury
  • Arthur Balfour : 1891 – 13 de janeiro de 1906, [c] nomeado pelo primeiro-ministro Salisbury (líder geral de 1902)
  • Joseph Chamberlain : 1906
  • Arthur Balfour : 1906 – 13 de novembro de 1911*
  • Lei Bonar : 13 de novembro de 1911 - 21 de março de 1921, eleito em uma reunião do partido (líder geral de 1916)
  • Austen Chamberlain : 21 de março de 1921 - 23 de outubro de 1922, eleito em uma reunião do partido 

Eleições de líderes conservadores por reunião do partido editar

Câmara dos Comuns editar

# Date of meeting Name of leader elected Category attending meeting Location of meeting Chair Proposer Seconder Refs
1 9 February 1848 The Marquess of Granby Protectionist commoners Residence of George Bankes — — — [7]

[8]
2 1 February 1849 Benjamin Disraeli — Residence of the Lord Stanley of Bickerstaffe — — — [9]
The Marquess of Granby
John Charles Herries
3 13 November 1911 Bonar Law Unionist Members of Parliament Carlton Club, Pall Mall Henry Chaplin, senior Privy Councillor on the Unionist benches (appointed 1885) Walter Long Austen Chamberlain [10]
4 21 March 1921 Austen Chamberlain Unionist Members of Parliament Carlton Club, Pall Mall Lord Edmund Talbot, Conservative Chief Whip Captain Ernest George Pretyman Sir Edward Coates: "a back bencher and one of the rank and file" [11]
5 23 October 1922 Bonar Law Unionist peers, MPs, and candidates Hotel Cecil, The Strand The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, Leader of the House of Lords The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston Stanley Baldwin: "chosen ... to be the spokesman for the House of Commons" [12]
6 28 May 1923 Stanley Baldwin "Conservative Party" Hotel Cecil, The Strand The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, Leader of the House of Lords The Earl of Derby Captain Ernest George Pretyman: "a member of the House of Commons who [had] been a colleague in that House of Mr Bonar Law for something over 25 years" [13]
7 31 May 1937 Neville Chamberlain "peers and MPs who receive the Conservative whip, ... prospective candidates who have been adopted by constituency associations, and ... members of the executive committee of the National Union of Conservative and Unionist associations from England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland." Caxton Hall, Caxton Street The Viscount Halifax, Leader of the House of Lords The Earl of Derby Winston Churchill (Privy Councillor since 1907) [14]
8 9 October 1940 Winston Churchill "Peers and MPs who receive the Conservative whip, ... prospective candidates who have been adopted by constituency associations, and ... members of the Executive Committee of the National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations from England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland." London The Viscount Halifax, Leader of the House of Lords The Viscount Halifax Sir George Courthope: "one of the senior back benchers of the party" [15]
9 21 April 1955 Sir Anthony Eden "Conservative and National Liberal members of the two Houses of Parliament, Conservative and National Liberal parliamentary candidates and members of the executive committee of the National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations" Church House, Dean's Yard, Westminster The Marquess of Salisbury, Leader of the House of Lords The Marquess of Salisbury Rab Butler (Privy Councillor since 1939) [16]
10 22 January 1957 Harold Macmillan "Conservative and Unionist members of the House of Lords and the House of Commons, ... prospective parliamentary candidates and ... members of the executive committee of the National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations. National Liberal members of both Houses of Parliament and adopted prospective candidates were also present" — The Marquess of Salisbury, Leader of the House of Lords The Marquess of Salisbury Rab Butler (Privy Councillor since 1939) [17]
11 11 November 1963 Sir Alec Douglas-Home "members of both Houses of Parliament taking the Conservative whip, prospective candidates who [had] been adopted by constituency associations, members of the executive of the mass party, and National Liberal MPs and adopted prospective candidates" Church House, Dean's Yard, Westminster The Lord Carrington, Leader of the House of Lords The Lord Carrington Geoffrey Lloyd: "the senior Conservative Privy Councillor in the Commons next in line to Sir Winston Churchill" (appointed 1943) [18]

Câmara dos Lordes editar

# Date of meeting Name of leader elected Category attending meeting Location of meeting Chair Proposer Seconder Notes
1 9 March 1846 The Lord Stanley of Bickerstaffe Peers Residence of the Duke of Richmond The Earl of Eglinton — — [19]
2 15 February 1869 The Earl Cairns 23 peers — The Earl of Malmesbury The Earl of Malmesbury — [20]
3 26 February 1870 The Duke of Richmond Peers Carlton Club — The Marquess of Salisbury The Earl of Derby [21]
4 9 May 1881 The Marquess of Salisbury Conservative members of the House of Lords Residence of the Marquess of Abergavenny The Marquess of Abergavenny The Duke of Richmond The Earl Cairns [22]

Veja também editar

Notas

  1. ↑ a b Date of the Tamworth Manifesto.
  2. ↑ Granby resigned "either in the end of December [1851] or on one of the first days of January [1852]".[6]
  3. ↑ Date on which Balfour failed to be elected in Manchester East.

Referências

  1. ↑ «Liz Truss set to become new UK Conservative prime minister». AP NEWS (em inglês). 5 de setembro de 2022. Consultado em 5 de setembro de 2022 
  2. ↑ «Constitution of the Conservative Party» (PDF). Janeiro de 2021. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 20 de setembro de 2021 
  3. ↑ Alexandre-Collier, Agnès (1 de novembro de 2018). «Brexit reveals the fractures of the British Conservatives». Le Monde diplomatique (em francês). Consultado em 5 de setembro de 2022 
  4. ↑ Nevett, Joshua (12 de agosto de 2022). «Tory leadership election: Meet the overseas voters picking the next PM» 
  5. ↑ Smith, Hannah (10 de agosto de 2022). «Who can vote in the Conservative leadership contest?» 
  6. ↑ Monypenny, William Flavelle; Buckle, George Earle (1914). The life of Benjamin Disraeli, earl of Beaconsfield, Volume III. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. 312–3 
  7. ↑ "A Cabinet Council was held at half-past 2 o'clock." Times [London, England] 10 Feb. 1848: 4. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 25 July 2014.
  8. ↑ Malmesbury, The Right Hon. [James Howard Harris,] the [3rd] Earl of (1885). Memoirs of an Ex-Minister. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. pp. 151–2 
  9. ↑ Monypenny, William Flavelle; Buckle, George Earle (1914). The life of Benjamin Disraeli, earl of Beaconsfield, Volume III. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. 138–9 
  10. ↑ "The Unionist Leadership." Times [London, England] 14 Nov. 1911: 9. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 19 July 2014.
  11. ↑ "Unionist M.P.s' New Leader." Times [London, England] 22 Mar. 1921: 12. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 19 July 2014.
  12. ↑ "Unionists Elect Mr. Bonar Law." Times [London, England] 24 Oct. 1922: 18. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 25 July 2014.
  13. ↑ "Conservative Leader." Times [London, England] 29 May 1923: 19. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 19 July 2014.
  14. ↑ "The New Leader And The Old." Times [London, England] 1 June 1937: 17+. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 19 July 2014.
  15. ↑ "Conservative Leader." Times [London, England] 10 Oct. 1940: 2. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 19 July 2014.
  16. ↑ Our Political Correspondent. "Sir A. Eden as Leader." Times [London, England] 22 Apr. 1955: 12. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 19 July 2014.
  17. ↑ «Mr. Macmillan states Party philosophy». The Times. London. 23 de janeiro de 1957 
  18. ↑ Our Political Correspondent. (12 de novembro de 1963). «Prime Minister is Ageless». The Times. London. p. 12 
  19. ↑ Malmesbury, The Right Hon. [James Howard Harris,] the [3rd] Earl of (1885). Memoirs of an Ex-Minister. London: Longmans, Green, and Co 
  20. ↑ Malmesbury, The Right Hon. [James Howard Harris,] the [3rd] Earl of (1885). Memoirs of an Ex-Minister. London: Longmans, Green, and Co 
  21. ↑ "We are enabled to state that, in compliance with." Times [London, England] 28 Feb. 1870: 9. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 26 July 2014.
  22. ↑ "Meeting Of The Conservative Peers." Times [London, England] 10 May 1881: 10. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 25 July 2014.

Ligações externas editar

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