Pholcus

Pholcus
	; P. phalangioides
Classificação científica
Reino:	Animalia;
Filo:	Arthropoda;
Classe:	Arachnida;
Ordem:	Araneae;
Subordem:	Araneomorphae;
Família:	Pholcidae;
Género:	Pholcus; Walckenaer, 1805
Diversidade
	c. 125 espécies
Espécies
	P. nagasakiensis; P. okinawaensis; P. phalangioides; P. opilionides; e muitas outras

Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805^[1] é um género de aranhas pertencentes à família Pholcidae, com cerca de 125 espécies,^[2] que inclui algumas aranhas domésticas, nomeadamente a espécie P. phalangioides.^[3]

Ficheiro:Zitterspinne schwanger.jpg

Pholcus phalangioides antes da postura.

Descrição editar

As espécies pertencentes ao género Pholcus caracterizam-se por corpos comparativamente pequenos, com 4 a 15 mm de comprimento, pernas longas e com aspecto frágil. Coloração variável, mas predominando os tons de castanho, frequentemente com marcas distintivas no cefalotórax e abdómen. Os animais podem viver até aos 3 anos de idade. A postura é composta em geral por algumas dezenas de ovos, envoltos num casulo fino que é transportado nos pedipalpos da fêmea até à eclosão.

O género Pholcus é encontrada principalmente em climas quentes. As regiões onde o táxon apresenta maior biodiversidade são a China, a Ásia Central, o Sueste da Ásia e a Ásia Menor, embora esteja representado na Austrália, África e Américas. Algumas espécias apresentam marcada sinantropia, tendendo para o cosmopolitismo, com destaque para Pholcus phalangioides e Pholcus opilionides.

As espécies deste género são acribeladas, construindo teias tridimensionais difusas, constituídas por seda não adesiva, embora extremamente elástica e adaptada a climas quentes e húmidos.

Taxonomia editar

The World Spider Catalog 13.0 aponta as seguintes espécies:^[4]

Pholcus abstrusus Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus acerosus Peng & Zhang, 2011
Pholcus acutulus Paik, 1978
Pholcus aduncus Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus afghanus Senglet, 2008
Pholcus agadir Huber, 2011
Pholcus agilis Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus alloctospilus Zhu & Gong, 1991
Pholcus alpinus Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus alticeps Spassky, 1932
Pholcus amani Huber, 2011
Pholcus anachoreta Dimitrov & Ribera, 2006
Pholcus ancoralis L. Koch, 1865
Pholcus andulau Huber, 2011
Pholcus anlong Chen, Zhang & Zhu, 2011
Pholcus arayat Huber, 2011
Pholcus arkit Huber, 2011
Pholcus armeniacus Senglet, 1974
Pholcus arsacius Senglet, 2008
Pholcus atrigularis (Simon, 1901)
Pholcus attuleh Huber, 2011
Pholcus babao Tong & Li, 2010
Pholcus bailongensis Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus baka Huber, 2011
Pholcus bakweri Huber, 2011
Pholcus baldiosensis Wunderlich, 1992
Pholcus bamboutos Huber, 2011
Pholcus bangfai Huber, 2011
Pholcus bantouensis Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus batepa Huber, 2011
Pholcus beijingensis Zhu & Song, 1999
Pholcus berlandi Millot, 1941
Pholcus bessus Zhu & Gong, 1991
Pholcus bicornutus Simon, 1892
Pholcus bidentatus Zhu, Zhang, Zhang & Chen, 2005
Pholcus bikilai Huber, 2011
Pholcus bimbache Dimitrov & Ribera, 2006
Pholcus bing Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus bohorok Huber, 2011
Pholcus bolikhamsai Huber, 2011
Pholcus bourgini Millot, 1941
Pholcus brevis Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus calcar Wunderlich, 1987
Pholcus calligaster Thorell, 1895
Pholcus camba Huber, 2011
Pholcus caspius Senglet, 2008
Pholcus ceheng Chen, Zhang & Zhu, 2011
Pholcus chang Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus chappuisi Fage, 1936
Pholcus chattoni Millot, 1941
Pholcus cheaha Huber, 2011
Pholcus chiangdao Huber, 2011
Pholcus chicheng Tong & Li, 2010
Pholcus choctaw Huber, 2011
Pholcus cibodas Huber, 2011
Pholcus circularis Kraus, 1960
Pholcus clavatus Schenkel, 1936
Pholcus clavimaculatus Zhu & Song, 1999
Pholcus cophenius Senglet, 2008
Pholcus corcho Wunderlich, 1987
Pholcus corniger Dimitrov & Ribera, 2006
Pholcus crassipalpis Spassky, 1937
Pholcus crassus Paik, 1978
Pholcus creticus Senglet, 1971
Pholcus crypticolens Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
Pholcus cuneatus Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus dade Huber, 2011
Pholcus dali Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus datan Tong & Li, 2010
Pholcus decorus Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus debilis (Thorell, 1899)
Pholcus dentatus Wunderlich, 1995
Pholcus dieban Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus diopsis Simon, 1901
Pholcus dixie Huber, 2011
Pholcus djelalabad Senglet, 2008
Pholcus doucki Huber, 2011
Pholcus dungara Huber, 2001
Pholcus edentatus Campos & Wunderlich, 1995
Pholcus elongatus (Yin & Wang, 1981)
Pholcus elymaeus Senglet, 2008
Pholcus erewan Huber, 2011
Pholcus ethagala Huber, 2011
Pholcus exceptus Tong & Li, 2009
Pholcus exilis Tong & Li, 2010
Pholcus extumidus Paik, 1978
Pholcus fagei Kratochvíl, 1940
Pholcus faveauxi (Lawrence, 1967)
Pholcus fengcheng Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus fragillimus Strand, 1907
Pholcus fuerteventurensis Wunderlich, 1992
Pholcus gangziensis Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus gaoi Song & Ren, 1994
Pholcus genuiformis Wunderlich, 1995
Pholcus gombak Huber, 2011
Pholcus gomerae Wunderlich, 1980
Pholcus gosuensis Kim & Lee, 2004
Pholcus gracillimus Thorell, 1890
Pholcus guadarfia Dimitrov & Ribera, 2007
Pholcus guani Song & Ren, 1994
Pholcus gui Zhu & Song, 1999
Pholcus guineensis Millot, 1941
Pholcus halabala Huber, 2011
Pholcus hamatus Tong & Ji, 2010
Pholcus harveyi Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus helenae Wunderlich, 1987
Pholcus henanensis Zhu & Mao, 1983
Pholcus hieroglyphicus Pavesi, 1883
Pholcus higoensis Irie & Ono, 2008
Pholcus hoyo Huber, 2011
Pholcus huapingensis Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus huberi Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus hurau Huber, 2011
Pholcus hyrcanus Senglet, 1974
Pholcus hytaspus Senglet, 2008
Pholcus imbricatus Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus intricatus Dimitrov & Ribera, 2003
Pholcus jaegeri Huber, 2011
Pholcus jiaotu Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus jinniu Tong & Li, 2010
Pholcus jinwum Huber, 2001
Pholcus jiulong Tong & Li, 2010
Pholcus jiuwei Tong & Ji, 2010
Pholcus jixianensis Zhu & Yu, 1983
Pholcus joreongensis Seo, 2004
Pholcus jusahi Huber, 2011
Pholcus kakum Huber, 2009
Pholcus kamkaly Huber, 2011
Pholcus kandahar Senglet, 2008
Pholcus kangding Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus kapuri Tikader, 1977
Pholcus karawari Huber, 2011
Pholcus kerinci Huber, 2011
Pholcus khene Huber, 2011
Pholcus kihansi Huber, 2011
Pholcus kimi Song & Zhu, 1994
Pholcus kinabalu Huber, 2011
Pholcus kindia Huber, 2011
Pholcus kingi Huber, 2011
Pholcus knoeseli Wunderlich, 1992
Pholcus koah Huber, 2001
Pholcus koasati Huber, 2011
Pholcus kohi Huber, 2011
Pholcus kribi Huber, 2011
Pholcus kui Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus kunming Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus kwamgumi Huber, 2011
Pholcus kwanaksanensis Namkung & Kim, 1990
Pholcus kwangkyosanensis Kim & Park, 2009
Pholcus kyondo Huber, 2011
Pholcus laksao Huber, 2011
Pholcus lambertoni Millot, 1946
Pholcus lamperti Strand, 1907
Pholcus lanieri Huber, 2011
Pholcus ledang Huber, 2011
Pholcus leruthi Lessert, 1935
Pholcus lexuancanhi Yao, Pham & Li, 2012
Pholcus lijiangensis Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus lilangai Huber, 2011
Pholcus lingulatus Gao, Gao & Zhu, 2002
Pholcus linzhou Zhang & Zhang, 2000
Pholcus liui Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus liutu Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus lualaba Huber, 2011
Pholcus luding Tong & Li, 2010
Pholcus luki Huber, 2011
Pholcus lupanga Huber, 2011
Pholcus madeirensis Wunderlich, 1987
Pholcus magnus Wunderlich, 1987
Pholcus malpaisensis Wunderlich, 1992
Pholcus manueli Gertsch, 1937
Pholcus mao Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus maronita Brignoli, 1977
Pholcus mascaensis Wunderlich, 1987
Pholcus maturata Huber, 2011
Pholcus mazumbai Huber, 2011
Pholcus mbuti Huber, 2011
Pholcus mecheria Huber, 2011
Pholcus medicus Senglet, 1974
Pholcus medog Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2006
Pholcus mengla Song & Zhu, 1999
Pholcus mentawir Huber, 2011
Pholcus mianshanensis Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus minang Huber, 2011
Pholcus mirabilis Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus moca Huber, 2011
Pholcus montanus Paik, 1978
Pholcus multidentatus Wunderlich, 1987
Pholcus muralicola Maughan & Fitch, 1976
Pholcus nagasakiensis Strand, 1918
Pholcus namkhan Huber, 2011
Pholcus namou Huber, 2011
Pholcus negara Huber, 2011
Pholcus nenjukovi Spassky, 1936
Pholcus nkoetye Huber, 2011
Pholcus nodong Huber, 2011
Pholcus obscurus Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus oculosus Zhang & Zhang, 2000
Pholcus okgye Huber, 2011
Pholcus opilionoides (Schrank, 1781)
Pholcus ornatus Bösenberg, 1895
Pholcus otomi Huber, 2011
Pholcus ovatus Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus pagbilao Huber, 2011
Pholcus pakse Huber, 2011
Pholcus papilionis Peng & Zhang, 2011
Pholcus paralinzhou Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus parayichengicus Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus parkyeonensis Kim & Yoo, 2009
Pholcus parthicus Senglet, 2008
Pholcus parvus Wunderlich, 1987
Pholcus pennatus Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2005
Pholcus persicus Senglet, 1974
Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775)
Pholcus phoenixus Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus phui Huber, 2011
Pholcus phungiformes Oliger, 1983
Pholcus pojeonensis Kim & Yoo, 2008
Pholcus ponticus Thorell, 1875
Pholcus pyu Huber, 2011
Pholcus qingchengensis Gao, Gao & Zhu, 2002
Pholcus quinghaiensis Song & Zhu, 1999
Pholcus quinquenotatus Thorell, 1878
Pholcus reevesi Huber, 2011
Pholcus roquensis Wunderlich, 1992
Pholcus ruteng Huber, 2011
Pholcus saaristoi Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus sabah Huber, 2011
Pholcus satun Huber, 2011
Pholcus schwendingeri Huber, 2011
Pholcus sepaku Huber, 2011
Pholcus shangrila Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus shuangtu Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus sidorenkoi Dunin, 1994
Pholcus silvai Wunderlich, 1995
Pholcus simbok Huber, 2011
Pholcus singalang Huber, 2011
Pholcus socheunensis Paik, 1978
Pholcus sogdianae Brignoli, 1978
Pholcus sokkrisanensis Paik, 1978
Pholcus songi Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus songxian Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus soukous Huber, 2011
Pholcus spasskyi Brignoli, 1978
Pholcus spiliensis Wunderlich, 1995
Pholcus spilis Zhu & Gong, 1991
Pholcus steineri Huber, 2011
Pholcus strandi Caporiacco, 1941
Pholcus sublingulatus Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus suboculosus Peng & Zhang, 2011
Pholcus subwuyiensis Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus sudhami Huber, 2011
Pholcus suizhongicus Zhu & Song, 1999
Pholcus sumatraensis Wunderlich, 1995
Pholcus sveni Wunderlich, 1987
Pholcus taarab Huber, 2011
Pholcus tahai Huber, 2011
Pholcus taibaiensis Wang & Zhu, 1992
Pholcus taibeli Caporiacco, 1949
Pholcus taishan Song & Zhu, 1999
Pholcus taita Huber, 2011
Pholcus tenerifensis Wunderlich, 1987
Pholcus thakek Huber, 2011
Pholcus tongi Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus triangulatus Zhang & Zhang, 2000
Pholcus tuoyuan Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus turcicus Wunderlich, 1980
Pholcus tuyan Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus twa Huber, 2011
Pholcus undatus Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus varirata Huber, 2011
Pholcus vatovae Caporiacco, 1940
Pholcus velitchkovskyi Kulczynski, 1913
Pholcus vesculus Simon, 1901
Pholcus wahehe Huber, 2011
Pholcus wangi Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus wangtian Tong & Ji, 2010
Pholcus wangxidong Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus woongil Huber, 2011
Pholcus wuling Tong & Li, 2010
Pholcus wuyiensis Zhu & Gong, 1991
Pholcus xiaotu Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus xingren Chen, Zhang & Zhu, 2011
Pholcus xingyi Chen, Zhang & Zhu, 2011
Pholcus yangi Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus yeongwol Huber, 2011
Pholcus yi Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus yichengicus Zhu, Tu & Shi, 1986
Pholcus yoshikurai Irie, 1997
Pholcus youngae Huber, 2011
Pholcus yuantu Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus yugong Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus yunnanensis Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus zham Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2006
Pholcus zhangae Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus zhui Yao & Li, 2012
Pholcus zhuolu Zhang & Zhu, 2009
Pholcus zichyi Kulczynski, 1901

Notas

↑ Walckenaer, 1805 : Tableau des aranéides ou caractères essentiels des tribus, genres, familles et races que renferme le genre Aranea de Linné, avec la désignation des espèces comprises dans chacune de ces divisions. Paris, pp. 1-88.
↑ Norman I. Platnick, 2008. The World Spider Catalog, Version 8.5. American Museum of Natural History.
↑ Platnick, Norman I. (2010):The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History
↑ Platnick, 2012 : The world spider catalog (American Museum of Natural History).

Referências editar

Heimer, Stefan; Nentwig, Wolfgang: Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Paul Parey, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3489535340
Heiko Bellmann: Spinnentiere Europas. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-09071-X

Ligações externas editar

Commons

O Commons possui imagens e outros ficheiros sobre Pholcus

Wikispecies

O Wikispecies tem informações sobre: Pholcus

Platnick's The World Spider Catalog

[1] Walckenaer, 1805 : Tableau des aranéides ou caractères essentiels des tribus, genres, familles et races que renferme le genre Aranea de Linné, avec la désignation des espèces comprises dans chacune de ces divisions. Paris, pp. 1-88.

[platnick-2] Norman I. Platnick, 2008. The World Spider Catalog, Version 8.5. American Museum of Natural History.

[3] Platnick, Norman I. (2010):The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History

[4] Platnick, 2012 : The world spider catalog (American Museum of Natural History).

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