Usuário:Eduardo P/Wikilivros:Nanotecnologia

O Livro de Código Aberto de Nanociência e Nanotecnologia

Nanotecnologia e nanociência é aproximadamente o controle e o entendimento da matéria na escala submicrométrica e atômica.

Este wikilivro sobre nanociência e nanotecnologia reúne informações sobre as várias ferramentas, métodos e sistemas para fornecer aos estudantes, pesquisadores e todos os outros em um manual e guia geral em open-source (código aberto) para este campo vasto, interdisciplinar e em expansão - sendo um livro que pode ser ajustado por colaboradores na medida que as informações neste desenvolvem-se.

• Latest major additions in: Health effects of nanoparticles, Environmental Impact, and Nanotechnology Demonstration Experiments
• Sections Nano & Society, nanooptics and electron beam lithography are in preparation.

Chapter 1: Introduction

Why is nanotechnology such a 'hot' subject - and is it more hype than substance? This part gives a brief introduction to the visions of nanotechnology and why so many people are working on it around the world. To help set a perspective there are overview tables with timelines, length scales and information resources.

Perspective

1. Nanotechnology in the Middle Ages?
2. A perspective on Nanotechnology
3. Nanocomponents, Tools, and Methods
4. Hot and hyped

Overviews

1. Internet Resources
2. Journals
3. Nanotech Products
4. A nano-timeline
5. A nano-scale overview

About the Book

1. Vision
2. How to contribute
3. History
4. Authors and Editors
5. Support and Acknowledgments
6. How to Reference this Book

Reaching Out

1. Teaching Nanotechnology
2. Outreach projects
3. Demonstration experiments

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Chapter 2: Seeing 'Nano'

Microscopes allows us to probe the structure of matter with high spatial resolution, making it possible to see for instance individual atoms with tools such as the scanning tunneling microscope, the atomic force microscope, and the transmission electron microscope. With the related spectroscopic methods, we can study the energy levels in nanosystems. This part gives an overview of the tools and methods used in microscopy and spectroscopy of nanostructures. Predefinição:Nanotechnology/Col

Optical Methods

1. Optical Microscopy
2. Confocal Microscopy
3. X-ray Microscopy
4. UV/VIS Spectrometry
5. Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR)
6. Terahertz Spectroscopy (THz)
7. Raman Spectroscopy
8. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)

Electron Microscopy

1. The Electron Optical System
2. Electron Range
3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
4. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Additional methods

1. Point-Projection Microscopes
2. Low energy electron diffraction (LEED)
3. Reflection High Energy Electron diffraction (RHEED)
4. X-ray Spectroscopy and diffraction
5. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES)
6. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
7. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR /ESR)
8. Mössbauer spectroscopy
9. Non-Contact Measurements

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Chapter 3: Physics at the Nanoscale

On the nanoscale force that we in everyday life do not consider strong, such as contact adhesion, become much more important. In addition, many things behave in a quantum mechanical way. This chapter looks into the scaling of the forces and fundamental dynamics of matter on the nanoscale. Predefinição:Nanotechnology/Col

Intro to Nanophysics

1. Scaling laws
2. Quantized Nanosystems
3. Bulk matter and the end of bulk: surfaces
4. The Tyndall Effect

Modelling Nanosystems

1. The Schrödinger equation
2. Hartree-Fock (HF) or self-consistent field (SCF)
3. Density Functional Theory (DFT)
4. Transport phenomena

Physical Chemistry of Surfaces

1. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces
2. Surface Energy
3. Surface Diffusion
4. Mass transport in 1, 2, and 3D

Background material

1. Dispersion relations

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Chapter 4: Nanomaterials

Many unique nanostructured materials have been made, such as carbon nanotubes that can be mechanically stronger than diamond. This part provides an overview of nanoscale materials such as carbon nanotubes, nanowires, quantum dots and nanoparticles, their unique properties and fabrication methods. Predefinição:Nanotechnology/Col

Overview of Production methods

1. Commercial suppliers of nanomaterials

Semiconducting Nanostructures

1. Carbon nanotubes
2. Buckyballs
3. Nanowires
4. Semiconducting nanoparticles

Nanometals

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Chapter 5: Nanosystems

To understand the novel possibilities in nanotechnology, this part gives an overview of some typical nanoscale systems - simple experimental devices that show unique nanoscale behavior useful in for instance electronics. Predefinição:Nanotechnology/Col

Nanoelectronics

1. Diffusive and Ballistic Electron Transport
2. Double barrier systems
3. Moletronics

Nanomechanics

1. Mechanics of beams and cantilevers
2. The harmonic oscillator

Nanofluidics

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Chapter 6: Nanoengineering

Combining nanodevices into functional units for real life application is a daunting task because making controlled structures with molecularly sized components requires extreme precision and control. Here we look at ways to assemble nanosystems into functional units or working devices with top-down or bottom-up approaches.

See also the Wikibook on Microtechnology which contains information about many fabrication and processing details. Predefinição:Nanotechnology/Col

Top-down and bottom-up approaches

1. Microfabrication made smaller

Self assembly

1. Selfassembled monolayers
2. Bottom-up chemistry
3. Molecular engineering

Lithography

1. Electron beam lithography (EBL)
2. Nano imprint lithography (NIL)
3. Focused Ion Beam (FIB)

Nanomanipulation

1. AFM manipulation
2. STM manipulation
3. In-situ SEM manipulation
4. In-situ TEM manipulation

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Chapter 7: Nano-Bio Introduction

Your body is based on a fantastic amount of biological nanotechnology operating right now in each of your body's cells, which has evolved over aeons to an awesome level of complexity. Much of current nanotechnology research is aimed at bio-applications, such as bio-sensors and biologically active nanoparticles for medical therapy or targeting cancer. This part is an introduction to this cross-disciplinary field. Predefinição:Nanotechnology/Col

Nano-bio Primer

1. Biological building blocks
2. Lengths and masses
3. Cells
4. Virus
5. Bacteria
6. The body

Biosensors

1. Typical applications and Analytes
2. Sensor principles

Nanomedicine - Targeting diseases

1. Nanomedicine
2. Cancer
3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

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Chapter 8: Environmental Nanotechnology

People are very enthusiastic about the visions of nanotechnology, but at the same time there is a natural worry about the environmental issues of the emerging technologies. This area is being increasingly brought into focus to ensure a healthy development.

Health Effects of Nanoparticles

1. Nanotoxicology
2. Production and applications of nanotech
3. Exposure of environment and humans
4. Nanoecotoxicology
5. Identification of key hazard properties
6. Hazard identification
7. Surface chemistry and coatings
8. Interactions in the Environment
9. Conclusion

Environmental Impact

1. Potential environmental impacts of nanotechnology
2. Exploitation and loss of scarce resources
3. Energy intensity of materials
4. Life cycle assessment (LCA)

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Chapter 9: Nano and Society

Imagining Nanotechnology

1. Scenarios for the Plausible Implications of Nanotechnology
2. Anticipatory Symptoms
3. Early Ontological Technologies

Nanoethics

1. Impact on Developing Countries
2. Collective Open Source Design
3. The Prisoner's Dilemma

Open Source Nanotechnology

1. Application
2. Collective Design and Risk

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Chapter 10: Reference Materials

Common Acronyms

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http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Nanotechnology