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#REDIRECT [[Terra Pura]]
{{em tradução}}
{{nihongo|'''Jōdo shū'''|浄土宗||"Escola Terra Pura"}}, também conhecido como [[budismo]] Jodo, é um ramo do [[Budismo Terra Pura]], derivado dos ensinamentos do monge ex-[[Tendai]], [[Honen]]. Foi estabelecido em [[1175]] e é uma das formas mais praticadas de budismo no Japão, juntamente com a escola [[Jodo Shinshu]].
== Doutrina ==
Jodo Shu é altamente influenciada pela idéia de [[Mappo]] ou ''A era do declínio do Darma (budista)''. O conceito de Mappo postula que, com o tempos a sociedade se torna tão corrupta, que as pessoas não podem mais colocar efetivamente em prática os ensinamentos de [[Siddhartha Gautama]]. No pensamento medieval japonês, sinais de Mappo incluiam guerras, desastres naturais e corrupção entre os monges. A escola Jodo Shu foi fundada quase no final do período [[Heian]], quando o budismo no [[Japão]] havia se tornado profundamente envolvido em esquemas políticos. No final do período Heian, guerras estouravam com certa frequência entre clãs de [[samurai]]s, enquanto as pessoas sofriam com [[terremotos]] e fome.<ref>{{cite book | last = Hattori | first = Sho-on | title = A Raft from the Other Shore : Honen and the Way of Pure Land Buddhism | publisher = Jodo Shu Press | year = 2001 | isbn = 4883633292 | pages=16-19}}</ref>
<!--Hōnen, through Jodo Shu teachings, sought to provide people a simple Buddhist practice in a degenerate age, that anybody could use toward Enlightenment: Devotion to [[Amida]] Buddha as expressed in the [[nembutsu]]. Through Amida's compassion, a being may be reborn in the '''Pure Land''' ([[Sukhavati]] in Sanskrit), where they can pursue Enlightenment more readily. Hōnen did not believe that other Buddhist practices were wrong, but rather, they were not practical on a wide-scale, especially during the difficult times of the late [[Heian Period]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Hattori | first = Sho-on | title = A Raft from the Other Shore : Honen and the Way of Pure Land Buddhism | publisher = Jodo Shu Press | year = 2001 | isbn = 4883633292 | pages=52}}</ref>
Repetition of the [[nembutsu]] is a common feature of Jodo Shu, which derives from the [[Primal Vow]] of [[Amida]] Buddha. However, in addition to this, practitioners are encouraged to engage in "auxiliary" practices, such as observing the [[panca sila|Five Precepts]], meditation, the chanting of sutras and other good conduct. There is no strict rule on this however, as the compassion of Amida is extended to all beings who recite the [[nembutsu]], so how one observes auxiliary practices is left to the individual to decide.
The [[Larger Sutra|Larger Sutra of Immeasurable Life]] is the central Buddhist scripture for Jodo Shu Buddhism, and the foundation of the belief in the [[Primal Vow]] of [[Amida]]. In addition to the [[Larger Sutra]], the [[Contemplation Sutra]] and the [[Amitabha Sutra]] (The Smaller Sutra of Immeasurable Life) are important to the Jodo Shu school. The writings of Hōnen are another source for Jodo Shu thought including his last writing, the ''[[One-Sheet Document]]'' ([[Japanese language|jp]]: ichimai-kishomon) among others.
Jodo Shu, like other Buddhist schools, maintains a professional, monastic priesthood, who help to lead the congregation, and also maintain the well-known temples such as [[Chion-in]]. The head of the Jodo Shu school is called the ''monshu'' in Japanese, and lives at the head temple in Kyoto, Japan, [[Chion-in]] Temple.-->
==Jodu-Shu e Jodo-Shinshu==
Jodo-Shu é geralmente comparada com uma outra sub-escola do budismo Terra Pura, [[Jodo Shinshu]], que foi fundado pelo discípulo de Hōnen, [[Shinran]]. Uma vez que Shinran era um aluno devotado de Hōnen, [[Jodo Shinshu]] difere pouco da escola Jodo Shu, mas existem algumas diferenças doutrinais:
* O Jodo Shu crê no renascimento na [[Terra Pura]] através da recitação explícita do [[nembutsu]], enquanto que o [[Jodo Shinshu]] coloca mais ênfase na Fé e menos no ato do [[nembutsu]]. Entretanto, no in Jodo Shu, fé sincera ainda é um elemento importante. <ref>[http://www.jodo.org/teachings/teachings01.html JODO SHU English]</ref>
* O Jodo Shu crê que o desejo de recitar o [[nembutsu]] vem do esforço pessoal, enquanto que no Jodo Shinshu o [[nembutsu]] é vista inteiramente como uma dádiva de [[Amitabha|Amida]] Buda.<ref>{{cite book | last = Hattori | first = Sho-on | title = A Raft from the Other Shore : Honen and the Way of Pure Land Buddhism | publisher = Jodo Shu Press | year = 2001 | isbn = 4883633292 | pages=37}}</ref>
* O aJodo Shu considera [[Amitabha]] Buda como sendo o [[Trikaya]], ou todos os três corpos dos Budas<ref>Ibid., pg. 28</ref>, enquanto que o Jodo Shinshu considera [[Amitabha]] como sendo o [[Dharmakaya]]-como-compaixão.<ref>[http://www.shinranworks.com/commentaries/essentialnotes1.htm The Collected Works of Shinran Commentaries Notes on the Essentials of Faith Alone 1]</ref>
Ambas as escolas crêem que mesmo pessoas que cometeram graves crimes ainda podem renascer na [[Terra Pura]] e que o [[nembutsu]] deve ser o principal ato devocional de um praticante do [[Budismo Terra Pura]].
<!--== Sub-sects ==
The main 'Chinzei' branch of Jodo Shu was maintained by the so-called "Second Patriarch" and disciple of Honen, [[Shoko (Buddhist)|Shoko]], also known as ''Benchō''. However, other disciples of Hōnen branched off into a number of other sects and interpretations of Jodo Shu thought, particularly after they were exiled in [[1207]]:<ref>[http://www.jsri.jp/English/Jodoshu/disciples/eras/4eras.html The 4 Eras of Honen's Disciples]</ref>
* [[Shoku]] founded the [[Seizan]] branch of Jodo Shu, which structured the Buddhist teachings into a hierarchy with the [[nembutsu]] at the top.
* [[Ryukan]] taught that faith in [[Amida]] Buddha mattered, not so much the actual practice of the [[nembutsu]]. He was exiled to eastern Japan.
* [[Kōsai]] taught the idea that a single recitation of the [[nembutsu]] was all that was necessary. He was exiled to the island of [[Shikoku]].
* [[Chosai]], the last of Hōnen's direct disciples, felt that all practices in Buddhism would lead to birth in the [[Pure Land]].
* Awanosuke, the fortune-teller. He is credited with the double-stranded rosary, or [[juzu]] used in Jodo Shu sects, though he did not establish a branch of his own.
Another disciple, [[Shinran]] founded the [[Jodo Shinshu]] sect of Buddhism, which diverges somewhat doctrinally, but otherwise is heavily influenced by Hōnen and his teachings. In [[Jodo Shinshu]], Hōnen is considered the Seventh Patriarch. Depending on the viewpoint, [[Shinran]] and [[Jodo Shinshu]] are considered another branch of Jodo Shu.
== Distribuição geográfica ==
Although Jodo Shu is mainly found in Japan, a sizable Jodo Shu community exists in [[Hawaii]] as well as a few temples in the continental United States.-->
==Referências==
<references/>
== Ligações externas ==
* {{en}}[http://www.jodo.org English Language Site for Jodo Shu] - The official website for Jodo Shu. Also contains information on Pure Land Buddhism in general.
* {{en}}[http://www.jodoshubuddhism.org Jodo Shu Buddhist Group] -An online Jodo Shu Buddhist Community. Details on practice and tradition.
[[Category:Ramos do budismo]]
[[Category:Budismo no Japão]]
[[Category:Budismo Terra Pura]]
[[de:Jōdo-shū]]
[[ja:浄土宗]]
[[ru:Дзёдо]]
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