Sinonímia (taxonomia): diferenças entre revisões

Na nomenclatura científica, sinônimo refere-se a circunstância de um táxon ter dois ou mais nomes distintos. O uso e a terminologia são diferentes na [[zoologia]] e na [[botânica]].

 

<!-- In [[ICZN|zoological nomenclature]], synonyms are different scientific names that pertain to the same [[taxon]], for example two names for the same species. The rule of zoological nomenclature is that the first name to be published is the '''senior synonym'''; any others are '''junior synonyms''' and should not be used.

 

It is possible for a junior synonym to be given precedence over a senior synonym, primarily when the senior name has not been used since it was first described, and the junior name is in common use. The older name becomes a ''[[nomen oblitum]]'', and the junior name is declared a ''[[nomen protectum]]''. This is primarily to prevent the confusion that would result if a well-known name, with a large accompanying body of literature, were to be replaced by a completely unfamiliar name. For example, the scientific name of the [[Red imported fire ant]], ''Solenopsis invicta'', was published by Buren in 1972, and is a specific name that has been conserved, despite the fact that this species was first named ''Solenopsis saevissima wagneri'' by Santschi in 1916; there are thousands of publications that had been published using the name ''invicta'' before anyone discovered the synonymy, and, in 2001, the [[ICZN]] ruled that ''invicta'' would be given precedence over ''wagneri''. -->

 

<!-- In [[botanical nomenclature]], the synonym of a [[botanical name]] is a name that also applies to this same taxon. A synonym cannot exist in isolation: it is always "a synonym of ...". In botany synonyms can be:

 

A homotypic synonym need not share an epithet or name with the correct name, but only the type. For example the name ''Taraxacum officinale'', mentioned above, has the same type as ''Leontodon taraxacum'' L. The latter is a homotypic synonym of ''Taraxacum officinale'' F.H.Wigg. -->

 

<!-- The treatment of synonyms in botanical nomenclature is quite different, in at least detail and terminology, from zoological nomenclature, where the correct name is included among synonyms, although as first among equals it is the "senior synonym":

* The synonyms in botany are "junior synonyms" in zoology.

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