Fujiwara no Teika: diferenças entre revisões

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[[Imagem:Fujiwara_no_Teika.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Fujiwara no Teika por [[Kikuchi Yōsai]] (菊池容斎)]]
 
'''Fujiwara no Teika''' ({{lang-ja|藤原定家}}), também conhecido por '''Fujiwara no Sadaie''' ou '''Sada-ie''',<ref name="teika-real-name">"Sadaie" é uma outra [[Kanji|leitura]] de 定家; "...there isum theoutro furtherproblema problem,na theromanização renditiondo ofnome. theTeika nameprovavelmente inreferia-se romanizeda form.si Teikamesmo probablycomo referredSadaie, toe himselfseu aspai Sadaie,provavelmente andchamava-se hisa fathersi probablymesmo called himselfde Toshinari, butmas theas Sinoversões sino-Japanesejapanesas versionsde ofseus theirnomes nameseram wereusadas usedpor byseus their contemporariescontemporaneos, ande thisesta practiceprática isainda stillé observedobservada." pg 681-692, notenota 2 of ''[[Seeds in the Heart]]: Japanese Literature from Earliest Times to the Late Sixteenth Century'', [[Donald Keene]]. 1999, Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-11441-9</ref><ref name="woman-poet">pg 147 ofde ''Woman poets of Japan'', 1977, Kenneth Rexroth, Ikuko Atsumi, ISBN 0-8112-0820-6; previouslypublicado publishedanteriormente ascomo ''The Burning Heart'' bypela [[The Seabury Press]].</ref> (1162 &ndash; September 26 de setembro, 1241) foi um poeta, [[crítico]],<ref name="teika-as-critic">"TheA highalta qualityqualidade ofda poeticteoria theorypoética (''karon'') innesta thisépoca agedepende dependsprincipalmente chieflydos uponescritos thepoéticos poetic writings ofde Fujiwara Shunzei ande hisseu sonfilho Teika. TheOs otheroutros theoriststeóricos ofde ''tanka'' writing, stimulatedestimulados bypor fatherpai ande sonfilho eithertanto toa agreementconcordar orquanto disagreementa refutar, contributedtambém alsocontribuiram towardao thealto highnível level ofde poeticteoria theorypoética, butmas wepodemos maydizer say thatque Shunzei ande Teika wereforam mostos representativemais ofrepresentativos thede agesua época." ThisEsta quoteafirmação isvem sourced tode Odagiri Hideo inna pg 10 ofde hissu "Nihon ni okeru bungei hyōron no seiritsu" (''TheO Risesurgimento ofda Artcrítica Criticismartística inno JapanJapão''), pub. bypor ''Geijutsuron-shū'' ("CollectionColeção ofde DiscussionsDiscussões ofde ArtArte"), Tokyo 1962; seeveja a revisão de Shun'ichi H. Takayanagi's review ofdo ''Japanese Court Poetry'' bypor [[Robert H. Brower]] ande [[Earl Miner]] inem ''[[Monumenta Nipponica]]'', Vol. 18, No. 1/4. (1963), pp. 352-364. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0027-0741%281963%2918%3A1%2F4%3C352%3AJCP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7]</ref> [[calígrafo]], novelista,<ref name="tale">It is generally believed that Teika wrote the ''[[Tale of Matsura]]''</ref> [[antologista]], escriba,<ref name="copyist">"DuringDurante hisseus lastúltimos yearsanos Teika seemsparece toter haveescrito composedpouca little poetrypoesia, butmas heestav wasengajado otherwise engaged inem copyingcopiar manuscriptsmanuscritos, especiallyespecialmente ofdos thetrabalhos majorprincipais worksda ofliteratura Heian literature. ItNão isé notexagero muchdizer ofque ano exaggerationque tosabemos sayda thatliteratura whatda weépoca knowde ofTeika thee literatureda ofliteratura Teika'santerior daya andele earlieré isna mainlysua whatmaior heparte thoughto wasque worthyele ofachava que devia preservationser preservado" pg 673-674 of ''Seeds intin hethe Heart''.</ref> e estudioso japonês do fim da era [[período Heian|Heian]] e início do [[período Kamakura]]. <!--HisSua influenceinfluência wasfoi enormous,enorme ande heele isé evenconsiderado toainda thishoje dayentre countedos as among the greatestmaiores<ref name="greatness">"TheA singlefigura mostúnica influentialmais figureinfluente inna thehistória historyda ofpoesia Japanesejaponesa classical poetryclássica, Fujiwara Teika (orou Sadaie) 1162-1241, wasera theo supremeárbitro arbitersupremo ofda poetrypoesia inde hissua dayépoca, ande forpor centuriesséculos afterapós hissua deathmorte wasfoi heldtido inem veneração religiosa religioustanto venerationpor bypoetas ''waka'' andquanto [[renga]] poets alike." Robert H. Brower. ''[[Monumenta Nipponica]]'', Vol. 40, No. 4. (Winter, 1985), pp. 399-425. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0027-0741%28198524%2940%3A4%3C399%3AFTM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-S]).
*[[Charles Murray (author)|Charles Murray]], in his ''[[Human Accomplishment]]'', ranks Teika as the 17th most influential figure in all of Japanese literature based on his analysis of academic research on Japanese literature. "Fujiwara no Teika....is one of the four greatest Japanese poets. The son of Shunzei, Teika lived to an advanced age constantly plagued by both recurring illness and reverses and advances in his family's fortunes. Similarly, his poetry and critical writings also underwent a series of changes in the course of his life, leaving behind the most substantial and intense poetic legacy by a single poet in Japanese history."[http://www.temcauley.staff.shef.ac.uk/teika.shtml]
*"Teika's unique reputation rested in part upon his accomplishment as the leading figure among the many fine poets of the ''Shinkokin Jidai'', the period of fifty-odd years in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries when revival and innovation in the native poetry were exemplified in ''[[Shin Kokin Wakashū|Shin Kokinshū]]'', c. 1204, the eighth, and in many respects the greatest, of the imperially sponsored anthologies of classical verse. As one of the six compilers of the anthology, and with forty-six of his poems included in it, Teika stood at the forefront of the younger and more innovative poets of his day, and his various experiments with diction, rhetoric, and figurative language, as well as with new styles, modes, and aesthetic effects, were widely imitated by his contemporaries. After his death, his quarreling descendants were recognized as the ultimate authorities on all poetic matters, and through them Teika's influence pervaded six hundred years of Japanese poetic history." Extract from "[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0027-0741%28198524%2940%3A4%3C399%3AFTM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-S Fujiwara Teika's Maigetsusho]" by Robert H. Brower, ''Monumenta Nipponica'', Vol. 40, No. 4. (Winter, 1985), pp. 399-425.
*[[Donald Keene]] writes, "...is the diary of Fujiwara Teika (1162-1241), a man equally celebrated as poet, critic, and editor." pg 95, Keene 1989</ref> ofpoetas [[Japanese poetry|Japanese poets]]japoneses, ande perhapstalvez theo greatestmaior mastermestre ofda theforma [[Waka (poetrypoesia)|waka]] form - anuma ancientforma poeticpoética formantiga consistingconsistindo ofde fivecinco lineslinhas withcom aum total ofde 31 [[syllable]]ssílabas.
 
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His critical ideas on composing poetry were extremely influential and studied until as late as the [[Meiji period|Meiji era]]. A member of a poetic clan, Teika was born to the noted poet [[Fujiwara no Shunzei]]. After coming to the attention of the [[Retired Emperor]] [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]] (1180-1239; r. 1183-1198),<ref name="go-toba-reign">pg 7 of Brower 1972</ref> Teika began his long and distinguished career, spanning multiple areas of aesthetic endeavor. His relationship with Go-Toba was at first cordial and led to commissions to compile anthologies, but later resulted in his banishment from the retired emperor's court. His descendants and ideas would dominate classical Japanese poetry for centuries afterwards.