Isaac Titsingh: diferenças entre revisões
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[[Imagem:Houckgeest.JPG|thumb|right|Titsingh espera em uma câmara de audiências na Cidade Proibida, na China (1795)]]
'''Isaac Titsingh''' ([[Amsterdão]], [[10 de janeiro]] de [[1745]] — [[Paris]], [[2 de fevereiro]] de [[1812]]) foi um cirurgião, comerciante e embaixador dos [[Países Baixos]].<ref>Chagas, Manuel Pinheiro. (1884). [http://books.google.com/books?id=aKpCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA35&dq= "Titsingh (Isaac)" em ''Diccionario popular: historico, etc.,'' p. 35.]</ref>
Durante uma carreira longa na Ásia Oriental, Titsingh foi um oficial sênior da [[Companhia Holandesa das Índias Orientais]] (''Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie'' ou ''[[VOC]]''). Entre 1779 e 1784, Titsingh representou a companhia em exclusivo contacto oficial com [[Tokugawa]], no [[Japão]]. Titsingh viajou por duas vezes até [[Edo]] (antigo nome de [[Tóquio]]) para audiências com o ''[[Shogun]].''
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As experiências e a pesquisa de Titsingh no Japão foram o fundamento para o lançamento de livros publicados após sua morte, nomeadamente:
* Titsingh, ''Mémoires et Anecdotes sur la Dynastie régnante des Djogouns, Souverains du Japon, avec la description des fêtes et cérémonies observées aux différentes époques de l'année à la Cour de ces Princes, et un appendice contenant des détails sur la poésie des Japonais, leur manière de diviser l'année, etc.''; Obra com pranchas coloridas, copiadas dos desenhos originais. Paris (Nepveu), 1820. {{fr}}
* Titsingh, ''Illustrations of Japan; consisting of Private Memoirs and Anecdotes of the reigning dynasty of The Djogouns, or Sovereigns of Japan; a description of the Feasts and Ceremonies observed throughout the year at their Court; and of the Ceremonies customary at Marriages and Funerals: to which are subjoined, observations on the legal suicide of the Japanese, remarks on their their poetry, an explanation of their mode of reckoning time, particulars respecting the Dosia powder, the preface of a work by Confoutzee on filial piety, &c. &c.''. Traduzido do francês. London (Ackermann), 1822. {{en}}
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, (1652)] ''
=== Referências ===
{{reflist}}
* Duyvendak, J.J.L. (1937). "The Last Dutch Embassy to the Chinese Court (1794-1795)." ''T'oung Pao'' 33:1-137.▼
==Bibligorafia==
* Lequin, F. (2005). ''Isaac Titsingh in China (1794-1796).'' Alphen aan den Rijn.▼
* Chagas, Manuel Pinheiro. (1884). [http://books.google.com/books?id=aKpCAAAAYAAJ&dq=Titsingh&lr=lang_pt&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=0&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Diccionario popular: historico, geographico, mythologico, biographico, artistico, bibliographico e litterario,''] Volumes 13-14. Lisboa: Lallemant Frères. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/diccionario-popular-historico-geographico-mythologico-biographico-artistico-bibliographico-e-litterario/oclc/6755365 OCLC 6755365]
* Lequin, F. (2002). ''Isaac Titsingh (1745-1812): een passie voor Japan, leven en werk van de grondlegger van de Europese Japanologie.'' Leiden.▼
* de Guignes, C.-L.-J. (1808). [http://books.google.com/books?id=HSYPAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Voyage+a+P%C3%A9kin,+Manille+et+l'Ile+de+France&source=gbs_book_other_versions#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Voyages à Peking, Manille et l'île de France faits dans l'intervalle des années 1784 à 1801,'' Vol. I;] [http://books.google.com/books?id=OSYPAAAAQAAJ&dq=Voyage+a+P%C3%A9kin,+Manille+et+l'Ile+de+France&source=gbs_navlinks_s Vol II;] [http://books.google.com/books?id=TyYPAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Voyage+a+P%C3%A9kin,+Manille+et+l'Ile+de+France&ei=DBzGS46VJozYNuPlnLgN&cd=2#v=onepage&q&f=false Vol. III.] Paris: Imprimerie impériale. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/voyages-a-peking-manille-et-lile-de-france-faits-dans-lintervalle-des-annees-1784-a-1801-tome-premier/oclc/464668386&referer=brief_results OCLC 464668386] {{fr}}
* Lequin, F. ed. (1990-92). ''The Private Correspondence of Isaac Titsingh.'' Amsterdam.▼
▲* Duyvendak, J.J.L. (1937). "The Last Dutch Embassy to the Chinese Court (1794-1795)." ''T'oung Pao'' 33:1-137. {{en}}
* ''Nederland's Patriciaat,'' Vol. 13 (1923). Den Haag.▼
▲* Lequin, F. (2005). ''Isaac Titsingh in China (1794-1796).'' Alphen aan den Rijn. {{nl}}
* O'Neil, Patricia O. (1995). ''Missed Opportunities: Late 18th Century Chinese Relations with England and the Netherlands.'' (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington).▼
▲* Lequin, F. (2002). ''Isaac Titsingh (1745-1812): een passie voor Japan, leven en werk van de grondlegger van de Europese Japanologie.'' Leiden. {{nl}}
▲* Lequin, F. ed. (1990-92). ''The Private Correspondence of Isaac Titsingh.'' Amsterdam. {{nl}}
▲* ''Nederland's Patriciaat,'' Vol. 13 (1923). Den Haag. {{nl}}
▲* O'Neil, Patricia O. (1995). ''Missed Opportunities: Late 18th Century Chinese Relations with England and the Netherlands.'' (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington). {{en}}
* Screech, Timon. (2006). [http://books.google.com/books?id=BLzQA7cpr7wC&client=firefox-a ''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822.''] London: RoutledgeCurzon. 10-ISBN 0-700-71720-X; 13-ISBN 978-0-700-71720-0; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/secret-memoirs-of-the-shoguns-isaac-titsingh-and-japan-1779-1822/oclc/57754289&referer=brief_results OCLC 57754289] {{en}}
* van Braam Houckgeest, A.E. (1797). [http://books.google.com/books?id=cOIqAAAAYAAJ&dq=Voyage+de+l'ambassade+de+la+Compagnie+des+Indes+Orientales+hollandaises+vers+l'empereur+de+la+Chine,+dans+les+ann%C3%A9es+1794+et+1795&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Voyage de l'ambassade de la Compagnie des Indes Orientales hollandaises vers l'empereur de la Chine, dans les années 1794 et 1795,'' Vol. I;] [http://books.google.com/books?id=AkcQAAAAYAAJ&dq=Voyage+de+l'ambassade+de+la+Compagnie+des+Indes+Orientales+hollandaises+vers+l'empereur+de+la+Chine,+dans+les+ann%C3%A9es+1794+et+1795&source=gbs_navlinks_s Vol. II.] Philadelphia; Médéric Louis Elie Moreau de Saint-Méry. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/voyage-de-lambassade-de-la-compagnie-des-indes-orientales-hollandaises-vers-lempereur-de-la-chine/oclc/475834783&referer=brief_results OCLC 475834783] {{fr}}
* __________ (1798). [http://books.google.com/books?id=TIZBQAAACAAJ&dq=An+authentic+account+of+the+embassy+of+the+Dutch+East-India+Company,+to+the+court+of+the+emperor+of+China,+in+the+years+1794+and+1795&ei=1BnGS8_uF4XEMoq5pIoN&cd=1 ''An authentic account of the embassy of the Dutch East-India Company, to the court of the emperor of China, in the years 1794 and 1795.''] London: R. Phillips. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/authentic-account-of-the-embassy-of-the-dutch-east-india-company-to-the-court-of-the-emperor-of-china-in-the-years-1794-and-1795-subsequent-to-that-of-the-earl-of-macartney-containing-a-description-of-several-parts-of-the-chinese-empire-unknown-to-europeans/oclc/43495435 OCLC 43495435] {{en}}
=={{Ver também}}==
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