Graça preveniente: diferenças entre revisões
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'''Graça preveniente''' é uma [[teologia cristã]] enraizada em [[Agostinho de Hipona]].<ref>[[Henry Bettenson]], ''The Later Christian Fathers'' (London: Oxford University Press, 1970), pp. 204-205.</ref> Ela é abraçada primeiramente pelos cristãos [[Arminianismo|Arminianos]] que são influênciados pela teologia de [[John Wesley]], e que foram parte do [[Metodismo|movimento metodista]]. Wesley tipicamente referiu-se a ela na linguagem do século XVIII como ''graça preventiva''. Em portugues moderno, a frase ''graça precedente'' deve ter um significado similar.
Graça preveniente é divina graça que precede as decisões humanas. <!--It exists prior to and without reference to anything humans may have done.
== Definição ==
The ''[[United Methodist Book of Discipline]]'' (2004)
<blockquote>We believe that the human race’s creation in Godlikeness included ability to choose between right and wrong, and that thus human beings were made morally responsible; that through the fall of Adam they became depraved so that they cannot now turn and prepare themselves by their own natural strength and works to faith and calling upon God. But we also believe that the grace of God through Jesus Christ is freely bestowed upon all people, enabling all who will to turn from sin to righteousness, believe on Jesus Christ for pardon and cleansing from sin, and follow good works pleasing and acceptable in His sight.<ref name="nazarene articles"/></blockquote>
Predecessor to the Nazarene Articles of Faith are the [[Articles of Religion (Methodist)|Articles of Religion]], which John Wesley adapted for use by American Methodists. With very similar language between it and Article VII of the ''Manual'', Article VIII states, "The condition of man after the fall of Adam is such that he cannot turn and prepare himself, by his own natural strength and works, to faith, and calling upon God; wherefore we have no power to do good works, pleasant and acceptable to God, ''without the grace of God by Christ preventing [preceding] us'', that we may have a good will, and working with us, when we have that good will" (emphasis added). The article is official doctrine not only for The [[United Methodist Church]], and its counterpart for the Church of the Nazarene, but for many other Wesleyan denominations as well, such as the [[African Methodist Episcopal Church]], [[African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church]], the [[Methodist Church of Great Britain|British Methodist Church]], and other denominations associated with the [[
[[Thomas Oden]]
== Em Wesley ==
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== Na teologia Católica Romana ==
A questão da graça preveniente foi discutida no capítulo cinquenta da sexta sessão do [[Concílio de Trento]]:
''The Synod furthermore declares, that in adults, the beginning of the said Justification is to be derived from the prevenient grace of God, through Jesus Christ, that is to say, from His vocation, whereby, without any merits existing on their parts, they are called; that so they, who by sins were alienated from God, may be disposed through His quickening and assisting grace, to convert themselves to their own justification, by freely assenting to and co-operating with that said grace''.<ref>{{Citar web |url=http://history.hanover.edu/texts/trent/ct06.html |título=Council of Trent |língua= |autor= |obra= |data= |acessodata=}}</ref>▼
▲''The Synod furthermore declares, that in adults, the beginning of the said Justification is to be derived from the prevenient grace of God, through Jesus Christ, that is to say, from His vocation, whereby, without any merits existing on their parts, they are called; that so they, who by sins were alienated from God, may be disposed through His quickening and assisting grace, to convert themselves to their own justification, by freely assenting to and co-operating with that said grace''.<ref>{{Citar web |url=http://history.hanover.edu/texts/trent/ct06.html |título=
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== Na Escritura ==
As partes usadas das Escrituras que dão suporte a doutrina incluem as passagens abaixo:
*[[Livro de Jeremias|Jeremias]] 1:5 ([[Almeida Revista e Atualizada|ARA]]): "Antes que eu te formasse no ventre materno, eu te conheci, e, antes que saísses da madre, te consagrei…"
*Jeremias 31:3 ([[Tradução Brasileira|TB]]): "...Com amor eterno te amei, portanto com benignidade te atraí."
*[[Ezequiel]] 34:11, 16 ([[Almeida Revista e Atualizada|ARA]]): "Porque assim diz o SENHOR Deus: Eis que eu mesmo procurarei as minhas ovelhas e as buscarei.…A perdida buscarei, a desgarrada tornarei a trazer, a quebrada ligarei e a enferma fortalecerei…"
*[[Evangelho de Lucas|Lucas]] 19:10: "Porque o Filho do Homem veio buscar e salvar o perdido."
:[[I João]] 4:19: "Nós amomos ele, porque ele nos amou primeiro."▼
*[[Evangelho de João|João]] 6:44: "Ninguém pode vir a mim se o Pai, que me enviou, não o trouxer..."
*[[Epístola aos Romanos|Romanos]] 2:4: "…a bondade de Deus é que te conduz ao arrependimento…"
*[[Epístola aos Filipenses|Filipenses]] 2:12-13: "…desenvolvei a vossa salvação com temor e tremor; porque Deus é quem efetua em vós tanto o querer como o realizar, segundo a sua boa vontade."
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== Nos hinos metodistas ==
Most Methodist hymnals have a section with hymns concerning prevenient grace, most recently ''The United Methodist Hymnal'' (1989). One of the best known hymns written about the doctrine is [[Charles Wesley|Charles Wesley's]] "Come, Sinners, to the Gospel Feast", which includes the lines, "Ye need not one be left behind, ''for God hath bid all humankind…the invitation is to all''…" (emphasis added).
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* "'Você não deve ter me chamado senão eu teria sido chamado por você,' disse o Leão." - de ''A Cadeira Prateada'' por [[C. S. Lewis]]
* "Every time we begin to pray to Jesus it is the Holy Spirit who draws us on the way of prayer by his prevenient grace." #2670 [[Catecismo da Igreja Católica]]
* "That grace is preceded by no merits. A reward is due to good works, if they are performed; but grace, which is not due, precedes, that they may be done [St. Prosper]." Can. 18. #191
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== {{Bibliografia}} ==
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* ''Wesley on Salvation: A Study in the Standard Sermons'' (1989)
* "Total Corruption and the Wesleyan Tradition: Prevenient Grace"
* ''A Wesleyan-Holiness Theology'' (1994)
* ''John Wesley's Message for Today'' (1983)
* ''Practical Divinity: Theology in the Wesleyan Tradition'' (1982)
* ''Responsible Grace: John Wesley's Practical Theology'' (1994)
* ''Relational Holiness: Responding to the Call of Love'' (2005)
* ''John Wesley's Scriptural Christianity: A Plain Exposition of His Teaching on Christian Doctrine'' (1994)
* ''The United Methodist Hymnal'' (1989) secção sobre "Prevenient Grace"
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[[Categoria:Teologia]]
[[Categoria:Arminianismo]]
[[en:Prevenient grace]]
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