Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft: diferenças entre revisões

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{{Info/Organização
|nome =Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft (DPG)
|imagem =Dpglogo.png|right
|tamanho_img =161x68px
|legenda_img =© Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft
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A '''Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft''' ('''DPG''', Sociedade de Física da Alemanha) é a maior organização de físicos do mundo. Em 2010 o número de seus membros era de 58 000. A sociedade organiza uma conferência anual (Jahrestagung) e diversas conferências de primavera (Frühjahrstagungen), em diferentes locais <ref> [http://www.dpg-physik.de/ DPG] – Official Web site</ref><ref> Circa 1918 its membership was about 750 and in the 1930s about 1400. See Hentschel, 1996, Appendix A.</ref>.
 
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A DPG foi fundada em 1899, sucedendo a ''Physikalische Gesellschaft zu Berlin'' (Sociedade dos Físicos de Berlim), estabelecida em 14 de janeiro de 1845. Os seis fundadores da Physikalische Gesellschaft zu Berlin foram:
*[[Gustav Karsten]] (1820-1900, físico)
*[[Wilhelm Heinrich Heintz]] (1817-1880, químico)
*[[Karl-Hermann Knoblauch]] (1820-1895, físico)
*[[Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke]] (1819-1892, fisiologista)
*[[Emil du Bois-Reymond]] (1818-1896, fisiologista)
*[[Wilhelm von Beetz]] (1822-1886, físico)
Somente três dos fundadorse eram físicos, e todos os seis fundadores ainda não tinham 28 anos de idade, e todos alunos do físico [[Heinrich Gustav Magnus]].
 
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The DPG was founded in 1899 to succeed the Physikalische Gesellschaft zu Berlin (Physical Society of Berlin) established 14 January 1845. The six scientists who founded the Physical Society of Berlin were: Gustav Karsten (1820-1900, physicist), [[Wilhelm Heinrich Heintz]] (1817-1880, chemist), [[Karl-Hermann Knoblauch]] (1820-1895, physicist), [[Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke]] (1819-1892, physiologist), [[Emil du Bois-Reymond]] (1818-1896, physiologist), and [[Wilhelm von Beetz]] (1822-1886, physicist).<ref>[http://www.fz-juelich.de/zb/index.php?index=374 Photo of the founders]</ref> While only three of them were physicists, they were all under 28 years old and students of the physicist [[Heinrich Gustav Magnus]]. The purpose of starting the Society was to set themselves apart from the authorities and allow unfettered discussion away from the well-trodden paths.<ref> Hoffmann, 2005, 294-295.</ref>
The purpose of starting the Society was to set themselves apart from the authorities and allow unfettered discussion away from the well-trodden paths.<ref> Hoffmann, 2005, 294-295.</ref>
 
==Under National Socialism==
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After the conclusion of [[World War II]], in 1946, von Laue initiated the founding of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft in only the British Zone, as the [[Allied Control Council]] would not initially allow organizations across occupation zone boundaries. The DPG was eventually also reinstituted individually in the American and French sectors. These individually established organizations were united in West Germany in 1950, only after the formation of the [[Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]] on 23 May 1949. It was only after the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]] that the DPG again fully unified across Germany.<ref> Hentschel, 1996, Appendix A; see the entry on the DPG.</ref>
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==PresidentsPresidentes==
 
With emphasis on the periods of the rise of theoretical physics and quantum mechanics in Germany (1900 to 1933) and the rule of the National Socialists (1933-1945), the Presidents of the DPG have included:<ref> Hentschel, 1996, Appendix A; see the entry for the DPG.</ref><ref> [http://www.biologie.de/biowiki/Deutsche_Physikalische_Gesellschaft DPG] – biologie.de. A comprehensive list of presidents of the DPG is on this site.</ref>
 
*1899-1905 &ndash; [[Emil Warburg]]
 
*1905-1906 &ndash; [[Max Planck]]
 
*1906 &ndash; [[Paul Drude]]
 
*1906-1907 &ndash; [[Max Planck]]
 
*1907-1908 &ndash; [[Heinrich Rubens]]
 
*1908-1909 &ndash; [[Max Planck]]
 
*1909-1910 &ndash; [[Heinrich Rubens]]
 
*1910-1912 &ndash; [[Ferdinand Kurlbaum]]
 
*1912-1914 &ndash; [[Heinrich Rubens]]
 
*1914-1915 &ndash; [[Fritz Haber]]
 
*1915-1916 &ndash; [[Max Planck]]
 
*1916-1918 &ndash; [[Albert Einstein]] <ref> Heilbron, 2000, p. 84.</ref>
 
*1918-1919 &ndash; [[Max Wien]]
 
*1919-1920 &ndash; [[Arnold Sommerfeld]] <ref> Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Arnold Sommerfeld.</ref><ref> Beyerchen, 1977, p. 107.</ref>
 
*1920-1922 &ndash; [[Max Wien]]
 
*1922-1924 &ndash; [[Franz Himstedt]]
 
*1924-1925 &ndash; [[Max Wien]]
 
*1925-1927 &ndash; [[Friedrich Paschen]]
 
*1927-1929 &ndash; [[Heinrich Konen]]
 
*1929-1931 &ndash; [[Egon von Schweidler]]
 
*1931-1933 &ndash; [[Max von Laue]]
 
*1933-1935 &ndash; [[Karl Mey]]
 
*1935-1937 &ndash; [[Jonathan Zenneck]]
 
*1937-1939 &ndash; [[Peter Debye]]
 
*1939-1940 &ndash; [[Jonathan Zenneck]]
 
*1940-1945 &ndash; [[Carl Ramsauer]]
 
*1954 &ndash; [[Richard Becker]]
 
*1956-1957 &ndash; [[Walter Gerlach]] <ref> Hentschel, 1966, Appendix F, see the entry for Walter Gerlach.</ref>
 
*1960-1961 &ndash; [[Wilhelm Walcher]]
 
*1966-1967 &ndash; [[Wolfgang Finkelnburg]] <ref> Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Wolfgang Finkelnburg.</ref>
 
*1964-1965 &ndash; [[Friedrich Bopp]]
 
*1978-1979 &ndash; [[Heinrich Welker]]
 
*1980–1981 &ndash; [[Horst Rollnik]]
 
*1982–1983 &ndash; [[Hans-Joachim Schmidt-Tiedemann]]
 
*1984–1986 &ndash; [[Joachim Treusch]]
 
*1986–1988 &ndash; [[Joachim Trümper]]
 
*1988–1990 &ndash; [[Otto G. Folberth]]
 
*1990–1992 &ndash; [[Theo Mayer-Kuckuk]]
 
*1992–1994 &ndash; [[Herwig Schopper]]
 
*1994–1996 &ndash; [[Hans-Günter Danielmeyer]]
 
*1996–1998 &ndash; [[Markus Schwoerer]]
 
*1998–2000 &ndash; [[Alexander M. Bradshaw]]
 
*2000–2002 &ndash; [[Dirk Basting]]
 
*2002–2004 &ndash; [[Roland Sauerbrey]]
 
*2004–2006 &ndash; [[Knut Urban]]
 
*2006-2008 &ndash; [[Eberhard Umbach]]
 
*2008-2010 &ndash; [[Gerd Litfin]]
 
*2010-2012 &ndash; [[Wolfgang Sandner]]
 
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==Publications==
 
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*Jungnickel, Christa and Russell McCormmach. ''Intellectual Mastery of Nature. Theoretical Physics from Ohm to Einstein, Volume 2: The Now Mighty Theoretical Physics, 1870 to 1925.'' (University of Chicago Press, Paper cover, 1990) ISBN 0-226-41585-6
 
*Kragh, Helge ''Quantum Generations: A History of Physics in the Twentieth Century'' (Princeton, 1999) ISBN 0-691-09552-3-->
 
=={{Ligações externas}}==
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*[http://www.cx.unibe.ch/~khentsch/dpg38-39.html DPG] – Membership 1938 vs. 1939
*[http://www.physikkonkret.de/ DPG] – Physik konkret - Fact sheet (published by DPG periodically)
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{{Referências}}