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Em [[macroeconomia]] um '''agregado'' é uma medida síntese descrevendo um mercado ou economia. O '''problema da agregação''' refere-se à dificuldade de tratar a reação de um agregado [[empírico]] ou teórico a uma medida menos agregada, po exemplo, sobre o comportamento de um [[Agente económico|agente]] individual, como é descrito na teoria [[Microeconomia|microeconómica]] em geral. <ref>Franklin M. Fisher (1987). "aggregation problem," ''[[The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics]]'', v. 1, p. 54. [Pp. 53-55.]</ref> São exemplos de agregados em micro e [[macroeconomia]], relativamente a conceitos correspondentes menos agregados:
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* alimentos vs maçãs.
Em economia, um ''agregado'' é um somatório total que mede um aspeto de um mercado ou economia.
* o [[nível dos preços]] e do [[PIB real]] vs. o preço e a quantidade de maçãs
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* o [[capital fixo]] da economia vs. o valor dos computadores de um determinado tipo
O ''problema da agregação
* a [[oferta de dinheiro]] vs papel-moeda.
* a [[taxa de desemprego]] geral vs. a taxa de desemprego de engenheiros civis.
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An ''aggregate'' in [[economics]] is a summary measure describing a market or economy. The '''aggregation problem''' refers to the difficulty of treating an [[empirical]] or theoretical aggregate as if it reacted like a less-aggregated measure, say, about behavior of an individual [[Agent (economics)|agent]] as described in general [[microeconomic theory]] (Fisher, 1987, p. 54). Examples of aggregates in micro- and [[macroeconomics]] relative to less aggregated counterparts are:
* food vs. apples
* the [[price level]] and [[real GDP]] vs. the price and quantity of apples
* the [[capital stock]] for the economy vs. the value of computers of a certain type and the value of [[steam shovel]]s
* the [[money supply]] vs. paper currency
* the general [[unemployment rate#Measuring unemployment|unemployment rate]] vs. the unemployment rate of civil engineers.
Standard theory uses simple assumptions to derive general, and commonly accepted, results such as the [[law of demand]] to explain market behavior. An example is the abstraction of a [[composite good]]. It considers the price of one good changing proportionately to the composite good, that is, all other goods. If this assumption is violated and the agents are subject to aggregated [[utility function]]s, restrictions on the latter are necessary to yield the law of demand. The aggregation problem emphasizes:
* how broad such restrictions are in microeconomics
* that use of broad factor inputs ('labor' and 'capital'), real 'output', and 'investment', as if there was only a single such aggregate is without a solid foundation for rigorously deriving analytical results.
Franklin Fisher (1987, p. 55) notes that this has not dissuaded macroeconomists from continuing to use such concepts.
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