Nakba: diferenças entre revisões

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O status dos refugiados - em especial com referência ao [[Direito de retorno dos palestinos|direito de retorno]] ou ao direito de receber uma compensação - é um das principais questões envolvidas no [[conflito israelo-palestino]]. Os eventos de 1948 são lembrados pelos palestinos todos os anos, no dia [[15 de maio]], o dia seguinte à comemoração da independência de Israel, no [[feriado]] que ficou conhecido como [[Dia da Nakba]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1332157.stm In pictures: 'Catastrophe Day' protests]. [[BBC News]], 16 de maio de 2001. Página acessada em 23-11-2010.</ref><ref>Reeves, Phil. [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-5171268.html Arafat defiant as wave of bloodshed stains disaster day]. ''[[The Independent]]'', 16 de maio de 2001.</ref> Em fevereiro de [[2010]], o [[Knesset]] aprovou uma lei que proíbe manifestações públicas em Israel, no dia 15 de maio.<ref>[http://www.middleeastmonitor.org.uk/news/middle-east/716-knesset-criminalises-the-commemoration-of-the-qnakbaq Knesset criminalises the commemoration of the "Nakba"]. Middle East Monitor, 25 de fevereiro de 2010.</ref>
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== HistoryHistória ==
InEm 1947, thea [[UnitedAssembleia Geral Nationsdas Nações Unidas]] Generalpropôs Assemblya proposedpartição partitioning Thedo [[BritishMandato MandateBritânico ofda PalestinePalestina]] into twoem states,dois Jewish[[estado]]s and- Arab.um Thejudeu Jewishe communityoutro acceptedárabe. [[UnitedA Nationscomunidade Partitionjudaica Planaceitou foro Palestine|the UN[[Plano partitionde planPartição da Palestina]], whileenquanto thea Arabcomunidade community[[palestinos|árabe in Palestinepalestina]], supportedapoiada bypela the[[Liga Arab LeagueÁrabe]], rejectedrejeitou theo UNplano, proposaldeclarando andque vowedoporia toresistência opposearmada it byà armedsua struggleimplementação. InApesar theda ensuing[[Guerra war,árabe-israelense inde which1948|guerra]] theque Palestinianse Arabsseguiu, failedos topalestinos preventnão theconseguiram establishmentevitar ofo aestabelecimento Jewishdo state accordingestado to the partition planjudeu, an estimated 700,000em [[Palestinian refugees1948]],<ref name="r3">Morris, Benny (2003).'' TheEstima-se Birthque, ofem thedecorrência Palestinianda Refugeeguerra, Problem Revisited''700.000 Cambridge:árabes Cambridgepalestinos Universitytenham Press.sido ISBNexpulsos de 0-521-00967-7suas terras, p.ao 604.</ref>mesmo andtempo theem destructionque andforam abandonmentdestruídas ofe despovoadas [[:en:List of Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab-IsraeliPalestinian warexodus|upmais tode 418 Palestinianaldeias villagesárabes]]<ref name="r4">Khalidi, Walid (Ed.). (1992)</ref>, whichcujos nomes [[Israel]] erasedtratou fromposteriormente thede mapsapagar dos mapas. <ref>''All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948''. Washington: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.</ref> areDesde calledentão, os palestinos expulsos e seus descendentes permanecem dispersos pelo mundo, na condição de ''[[refugiados palestinos|refugiados]],<ref name="r3">Morris, Benny (2003). ''The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-00967-7, p. 604.</ref> Os palestinos se referem a esses eventos como ''al-Nakba]]'' ("TheA CatastropheCatástrofe"). by Palestinians. <!-- Prior to its adoption by the [[Palestinian nationalist]] movement, the term more commonly referred to the 1920 [[Battle of Maysalun]], in which the [[French army]] invaded [[Syria]] and deposed [[Arab Revolt]] leader [[King Faisal I]].<ref>Sheleg, Yair [http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=574888&contrassID=2&subContrassID=4&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y' 'Day of the citizen instead of day of the catastrophe], ''[[Haaretz]]'', [[11 May]] [[2005]].</ref>
 
In accordance with the UN partition plan, Israel declared its independence from the [[United Kingdom]] on the evening of [[May 14]] [[1948]]. That same night saw the invasion of Israel by five of the seven countries of the [[Arab League]], starting the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The [[Israel Defence Forces]] defeated the armies of [[Egypt]], Syria, [[Transjordan]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Iraq]] and captured just over fifty per cent of the territory allocated for an Arab state in the partition. After the end of the war, the vast majority of Palestinian Arab refugees outside the [[1949 Armistice Agreements|1949 armistice lines]] were barred by the [[Israelis]] from returning to their homes, many of which had been destroyed, or from reclaiming their property.<ref name="r3" /><ref name="r4" />Furthermore, Palestinians were on the whole denied citizenship in the countries to which they fled and exploited by the Arab governments of these countries as political pawns. In the words of Khaled al Azm, the former prime minister of Syria,<blockquote>