Efeitos do tabagismo na saúde: diferenças entre revisões

====Aborto espontâneo====

A number of studies have shown that tobacco use is a significant factor in [[spontaneous abortion]]s among [[pregnant]] smokers, and that it contributes to a number of other threats to the health of the fetus.<ref name="x">Ness, R., Grisso, J., Hirschinger, N., Markovic, N., Shaw, L., Day, N., and Kline, J. (1999). ''Cocaine and Tobacco Use and the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion''. New England J. Med. 340:333-339; Oncken, C., Kranzler, H., O'Malley, P., Gendreau, P., Campbell, W. A. (2002). ''The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Fetal Heart Rate Characteristics''. Obstet Gynecol 99: 751-755.</ref> Second-hand smoke appears to present an equal danger to the fetus, as one study noted that "heavy ''paternal'' smoking increased the risk of early pregnancy loss."<ref name="t">Venners, S.A., X. Wang, C. Chen, L. Wang, D. Chen, W. Guang, A. Huang, L. Ryan, J. O'Connor, B. Lasley, J. Overstreet, A. Wilcox, and X. Xu. (2004). ''Paternal Smoking and Pregnancy Loss: A Prospective Study Using a Biomarker of Pregnancy'' Am J Epidemiol 159: 993-1001.</ref>

 

==== Síndrome da morte súbita infantil ====