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Em resumo, a ''camada de valência'' sempre será a última camada da ''distribuição eletrônica''.
== {{Ver também}} ==
{{div col}}
* [[Notação de Lewis]]
{{Referências}}
== {{Bibliografia}} ==
* C.G. Van de Walle, '''Wide-band-gap Semiconductors''', Elsevier, 1993 ISBN 0-444-59917-7 {{en}}
#* Hadis C.G. Van de WalleMorkoç, '''Wide-band-gapHandbook of Nitride Semiconductors and Devices, GaN-based Optical and Electronic Devices''' , ElsevierJohn Wiley & Sons, 19932009 ISBN 03-444527-5991762845-72 {{en}}
#* E. HadisKasper, D.J. MorkoçPaul, '''HandbookSilicon ofQuantum NitrideIntegrated SemiconductorsCircuits: andSilicon-Germanium Heterostructure Devices, GaN-based: OpticalBasics and Electronic DevicesRealisations''' , JohnSpringer WileyScience & SonsBusiness Media, 20092006 ISBN 3-527540-6284526382-29 {{en}}
# * S. Kar, Electrochemical Society. Electronics Division , '''Physics and Technology of High-k Gate Dielectrics II: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on High Dielectric Constant Materials: Materials Science, Processing, Reliability, and Manufacturing Issues : Held in Orlando, Florida, October 12-16''', 2003, Volume 2003, The Electrochemical Society, 2004 ISBN 1-566-77405-5 {{en}} ▼# E. Kasper, D.J. Paul, '''Silicon Quantum Integrated Circuits: Silicon-Germanium Heterostructure Devices: Basics and Realisations''' , Springer Science & Business Media, 2006 ISBN 3-540-26382-9 {{en}}
# * Klaus Ellmer, Andreas Klein, Bernd Rech, '''Transparent Conductive Zinc Oxide: Basics and Applications in Thin Film Solar Cells''' , Springer Science & Business Media, 2007 ISBN 3-540-73612-3 {{en}} ▼▲# S. Kar, Electrochemical Society. Electronics Division , '''Physics and Technology of High-k Gate Dielectrics II: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on High Dielectric Constant Materials: Materials Science, Processing, Reliability, and Manufacturing Issues : Held in Orlando, Florida, October 12-16''', 2003, Volume 2003, The Electrochemical Society, 2004 ISBN 1-566-77405-5 {{en}}
* Joshi, '''Engineering Physics''' , Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2010 ISBN 0-070-70477-5 {{en}}
▲# Klaus Ellmer, Andreas Klein, Bernd Rech, '''Transparent Conductive Zinc Oxide: Basics and Applications in Thin Film Solar Cells''' , Springer Science & Business Media, 2007 ISBN 3-540-73612-3 {{en}}
#* Larry JoshiBrown, Tom Holme, '''Chemistry for Engineering PhysicsStudents''' , Tata McGraw-HillCengage EducationLearning, 20102014 ISBN 01-070285-7047796557-54 {{en}}
#* H.H. Larry Brown, Tom HolmeKung, '''Transition Metal Oxides: Surface Chemistry forand Engineering StudentsCatalysis''' , Cengage LearningElsevier, 20141989 ISBN 10-285080-9655788742-42 {{en}}
#* Peter HW. Milonni, Joseph H. KungEberly, '''TransitionLaser Metal Oxides: Surface Chemistry and CatalysisPhysics''' , ElsevierJohn Wiley & Sons, 19892010 ISBN 0-080470-8874240970-23 {{en}}
#* Jerrold Peter WT. MilonniBushberg, JosephJohn HM. EberlyBoone, '''LaserThe Essential Physics of Medical Imaging''' , JohnLippincott WileyWilliams & SonsWilkins, 20102011 ISBN 0-470781-4097078057-38 {{en}}
# Jerrold T. Bushberg, John M. Boone, '''The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging''' , Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011 ISBN 0-781-78057-8 {{en}}
== {{Ligações externas}} == ▼
▲== {{Ligações externas }} ==
* {{Link||2=http://www.fisica.net/quimica/resumo3.htm |3=Ligações químicas pelo modelo do octeto }}
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