|
Culturalmente, é uma parte do coração Hindu da Índia. Biar é também o berço do primeiro presidente da Índia, [[Rajendra Prasad]], e de alguns lendários líderes independentistas tais como ''swami'' Sahajanand Saraswati, Nitin Varma, Basawon Singh (Sinha), Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan, ''sri'' Krishna Sinha e Maulana Mazharul Haque.
==Etimologia==
O nome Bihar vem da palavra Sanskrit e Pali Vihara (Devanagari: विहार), o que tem o significado de 'residência'. A região que hoje em dia forma o estado de Bihar era pleno de viharas budistas, as residências dos monges budistas dos períodos
antigos e medievais.
O escritor medieval Minhaj al-Siraj Juzjani testemunha no Tabakat-i-Nasiri que em 1198 d.C. Bakhtiyar Khalji fez um masacre em uma cidade hoje conhecida como Bihar Sharif, aproximadamente 70 km distante de Bodh Gaya.
==História==
==Geografia e clima==
==Demografia==
==Governo e administração==
==Economia==
{| class="wikitable" cellspacing="1" style="float:right; width:220px; margin:0 0 1em 1em; background:#fff; border:#c6c7c8 solid; font-size:90%;"
! Year !! PIB estadual<br /> (milhões de INR)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mospi.nic.in/mospi_nad_main.htm |title=National Accounts Division : Press release & Statements |publisher=Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation |accessdate=16 August 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060413232217/http://mospi.nic.in/mospi_nad_main.htm |archivedate=13 April 2006 }}</ref>
|-
| 1980 || <div class="centre">73,530</div>
|-
| 1985 || <div class="centre"> 142,950</div>
|-
| 1990 || <div class="centre"> 264,290</div>
|-
| 1995 || <div class="centre"> 244,830</div>
|-
| 2000 || <div class="centre"> 469,430</div>
|-
| 2005 || <div class="centre"> 710,060</div><ref>{{cite web|url=http://specials.rediff.com/money/2009/mar/31slide5-indias-top-ten-debt-ridden-states.htm |title=Bihar's economy climbs to $12b by 2005 |publisher=Specials.rediff.com |date=31 March 2009 |accessdate=15 October 2009}}</ref>
|}
[[File:Lychee.jpg|left|180px|thumb|Bihar produz 71% dos [[litchis]] da India.<ref>{{cite news |last=Das| first=Anand ST |title=Distressed Delicacy |url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main39.asp?filename=Bu050708distresseddelicacy.asp |date=5 July 2008 |journal=[[Tehelka]] |volume=5 |issue=26 |accessdate= 14 February 2015}}</ref>]]
[[File:Bihar Village Bazaar.JPG|left|180px|thumb|Um mercado de um vilarejo.]]
O PIB estadual do ano 2013/2014 era de 3683.37 bilhões INR. A composição setorial era a seguinte:
Agricultura= 22%
Indústria = 5%
Serviços = 73%.
Bihar is the fastest growing state in terms of gross state domestic product (GSDP), clocking a growth rate of 17.06% in FY 2014-15.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bihar fastest growing state, Maharashtra tops in economic size: Report |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-bihar-fastest-growing-state-maharashtra-tops-in-economic-size-report-2151335 |newspaper=dna |date=2 December 2015}}</ref> The economy of Bihar is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.4% during 2012-2017 i.e. the 12th Five-Year Plan. Bihar has witnessed strong growth in per capita net state domestic product (NSDP). At current prices, per capita NSDP of the state grew at a CAGR of 12.91 per cent during 2004-05 to 2014-15.<ref name="ibef.org">[http://www.ibef.org/states/bihar-presentation]</ref> Bihar's per capita income has gone up by 40.6 per cent in the financial year 2014-15.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bihar posts avg GDP growth rate of 10.5% last decade |url=http://wap.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/bihar-posts-avg-gdp-growth-rate-of-10-5-last-decade-116022501020_1.html |newspaper=Business Standard |date=25 February 2016}}</ref>
===Agriculture===
Bihar is the largest producer of vegetables and the second-largest producer of fruits in India. Bihar has high agricultural production making it one of the strongest sectors of the state. About 80 per cent of the state’s population is employed in agriculture, which is higher as compared to India’s average.<ref name="ibef.org"/> The main agricultural products produced in Bihar are litchi, guava, mango, pineapple, brinjal, lady's finger, cauliflower, cabbage, rice, wheat and sugarcane. Though good soil and favourable climatic conditions such as good rainfall favour agriculture, it has to encounter flood threat as well, which may drain off the fertile soil, if not conserved properly.<ref>[http://www.iloveindia.com/states/bihar/economy.html]</ref> The state (mostly southern parts) faces droughts almost every year affecting production of crops such as paddy.<ref>[http://www.igovernment.in/articles/20591/26-bihar-districts-declared-drought-hit]</ref>
===Industry===
Bihar has emerged as brewery hub with major domestic and foreign firms setting up production units in the state. Three major firms – [[United Breweries Group]], Danish Brewery Company [[Carlsberg Group]] and [[Cobra Beer]] – are to set up new units in [[Patna]] and [[Muzaffarpur]] in 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/cons-products/liquor/bihar-emerging-as-brewery-hub/articleshow/11509175.cms |title=Bihar emerging as brewery hub|publisher=Economic Times |accessdate=16 January 2012|date=16 January 2012}}</ref>
[[Hajipur]], near Patna, remains a major industrial city in the Bihar, linked to the capital city through the [[Ganges]] bridge and good road infrastructure.<ref>[http://www.hajipuronline.in/city-guide/about-hajipur# About Hajipur Industrial Area- Page(2)]</ref>
The state's debt was estimated at 77% of GDP by 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://specials.rediff.com/money/2009/mar/31slide5-indias-top-ten-debt-ridden-states.htm |title=Bihar's debt soars to 77% of GDP |publisher=Specials.rediff.com |date=31 March 2009 |accessdate=15 October 2009}}</ref> The Finance Ministry has given top priority to create investment opportunities for big industrial houses like [[Reliance Industries]]. Further developments have taken place in the growth of small industries, improvements in IT infrastructure, the new software park in Patna, and the completion of the expressway from the Purvanchal border through Bihar to Jharkhand. In August 2008, a Patna registered company called the Security and Intelligence Services (SIS) India Limited<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sisindia.com/history.htm |title=History |publisher=Sisindia.com |date=29 July 1993 |accessdate=15 October 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228202249/http://sisindia.com/history.htm |archivedate=28 February 2009 }}</ref> took over the Australian guard and mobile patrol services business of American conglomerate, [[United Technologies Corporation]] (UTC). SIS is registered and taxed in Bihar.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ahmad |first=Faizan |title=Bihar security firm sets foot in Australia |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-08-25/patna/27903419_1_sis-security-concerns-private-security-industry |date=25 August 2008 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=14 February 2015}}</ref> The capital city, Patna, is one of the better-off cities in India when measured by per capita income.<ref name="patna_prosperity">{{cite news
| last = Nigam
| first = Aditi
| title = For Bihar, P stands for Patna and prosperity
| url = http://www.financialexpress.com/news/For-Bihar-P-stands-for-Patna-and-prosperity/293289/
| date = 27 April 2008
| newspaper = [[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]
| accessdate = 14 February 2015}}</ref>{{note|1}}
<!-- Previous table used:
{| class="wikitable" border="1" |align="right"
|-
! All India
! Patna(patna)
! Bengaluru
! Greater Mumbai
! Delhi
! Kolkata
! Hyderabad
|-
| Rs 22,946<ref name="patna_prosperity"/>
| '''Rs 31,441'''<ref name="patna_prosperity"/>
| Rs 29,394<ref name="Deccan_Herald"/>
| Rs 40,768<ref name="Deccan_Herald"/>
| Rs 43,155<ref name="Deccan_Herald"/>
| Rs 27,868<ref name="Deccan_Herald"/>
| Rs 28,768<ref name="Deccan_Herald"/>
|}
-->
The State Government is setting up an Information Technology (IT) City at [[Rajgir]] in [[Nalanda district]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Bihar’s first IT City to come up at Nalanda : Nitish Kumar|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/02/bihars-first-it-city-to-come-up-at-nalanda-nitish-kumar/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|accessdate=24 February 2014}}</ref> Additionally, India's first Media Hub is also proposed to be set up in Bihar.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bihar prepares to be India’s 1st Multimedia Hub within 3 Years|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/02/bihar-prepares-to-be-indias-1st-multimedia-hub-within-3-years/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|accessdate=24 February 2014}}</ref>
===Income distribution: north-south divide===
In terms of income, the districts of [[Patna district|Patna]], [[Munger district|Munger]] and [[Begusarai district|Begusarai]] were the three best-off out of a total of 38 districts in the state, recording the highest per capita gross district [[Gross domestic product|domestic product]] of {{INR}}31,441, {{INR}}10,087 and {{INR}}9,312, respectively in 2004–05.<ref name="patna_prosperity"/>
==Cultura==
==Mídia==
==Transporte==
==Turismo==
A cultura e o património de Bihar pode ser observado em numerosos monumentos antigos espalhados pelo estado.
Bihar é visitado por muitos turistas de todo o mundo com uns 24 milhões de visitantes cada ano.
Em outros dias o turismo era quase completamente baseado em turismo educacional porque o estado tem umas universidades antigas proeminentes como Nalanda & Vikramashila.[102][103]
==Educação==
{{referências}}
| 