Otto Klemperer: diferenças entre revisões
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[[Ficheiro:Otto Klemperer.jpg|210px|thumbnail|Otto Klemperer (entre 1920 e 1940)]]
'''Otto Klemperer''' ([[Breslau]], [[14 de Maio]] de [[1885]] - [[Zurique]], [[6 de Julho]] de [[1973]]) foi um [[maestro]] e [[compositor]] [[Alemanha|alemão]], considerado um dos mais importantes maestros do século XX.<ref>{{Citar livro| nome=Hans | sobrenome=Keller | capítulo=Otto Klemperer | data=1957 | coautores=Cosman, | título=Musical Sketchbook | edição=Cassirer | local=Oxford | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Hr4iAAAAMAAJ&q=%22'The+last+of+the+few+really+great+conductors+of+his+generation%22&dq=%22'The+last+of+the+few+really+great+conductors+of+his+generation%22&pgis=1}}</ref>
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In 1933, once the [[Nazi Party]] had reached power, Klemperer, who was [[Jew]]ish, left Germany and moved to the United States. Klemperer had previously converted to Catholicism, but eventually returned to Judaism. In the U.S. he was appointed Music Director of the [[Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra]]. He took [[United States]] citizenship in 1937. In Los Angeles, he began to concentrate more on the standard works of the Germanic repertoire that would later bring him greatest acclaim, particularly the works of [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]], [[Johannes Brahms|Brahms]] and Mahler, though he gave the Los Angeles premieres some of fellow Los Angeles resident [[Arnold Schoenberg]]'s works with the Philharmonic. He also visited other countries, including [[England]] and [[Australia]]. While the orchestra responded well to his leadership, Klemperer had a difficult time adjusting to Southern California, a situation exacerbated by repeated manic-depressive episodes, reportedly as a result of severe [[cyclothymic]] [[bipolar disorder]].
Then, after completing the 1939 [[Los Angeles Philharmonic]] summer season at the [[Hollywood Bowl]], Klemperer was visiting Boston and was incorrectly diagnosed with a brain tumor, and the subsequent brain surgery left him partially paralyzed. He went into a depressive state and was placed in institution; when he escaped, ''[[The New York Times]]'' ran a cover story declaring him missing, and after being found in New Jersey, a picture of him behind bars was printed in the ''Herald Tribune''. Though he would occasionally conduct the Philharmonic after that, he lost the post of Music Director.<ref>{{
Following the end of [[World War II]], Klemperer returned to Continental Europe to work at the [[Budapest Opera]] (1947-1950). Finding [[Communist]] rule in [[Hungary]] increasingly irksome, he became an itinerant conductor, guest conducting the [[Montreal Symphony Orchestra]], WDR Orchestra Koln, Concertgebouw Orchestra, and the [[Philharmonia]] of [[London]]. His career was turned around in 1954 by the London-based producer [[Walter Legge]], who recorded Klemperer in Beethoven, Brahms and much else with his hand-picked orchestra, the Philharmonia, for the EMI label. He became the first principal conductor of the [[Philharmonia]] in 1959. He settled in Switzerland. Klemperer also worked at the [[Royal Opera House]] [[Covent Garden]], sometimes stage-directing as well as conducting, as in a 1963 production of [[Richard Wagner]]'s ''[[Lohengrin (opera)|Lohengrin]]''.
Klemperer is less well known as a composer, but he wrote a number of pieces, including six [[symphonies]], a [[mass (music)|Mass]], nine [[string quartet]]s and the [[opera]] ''Das Ziel''. He seldom performed any of these himself and they have generally fallen into neglect since his death, although Klemperer's works have received the occasional commercial recording.<ref>{{
A severe fall during a visit to Montreal forced Klemperer subsequently to conduct seated in a chair. A severe burning accident further paralyzed him, which resulted from his smoking in bed and trying to douse the flames with a glass of whisky. Through Klemperer's problems with his health, the tireless and unwavering support and assistance of Klemperer's daughter Lotte was crucial to his success. His son, [[Werner Klemperer]], was an actor and became known for his portrayal of Colonel Klink on the US television show ''[[Hogan's Heroes]]''.
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(b) The [[Anton Bruckner]] ''Symphony no. 4'' (Haas edition with emendations). A 1947 concert recording with [[Concertgebouw]] has timings of I. 14:03; II. 12:58; III. 10:11; and IV. 17.48. The studio recording with the Philharmonia from 1963 has timings of I. 16:09; II; 14:00; III. 11.48; IV. 19:01. Again, the 1963 is not a notably slow performance, but the 1947 was quick.
Regardless of tempo, Klemperer's performances often maintain great intensity. Eric Grunin, in a commentary on the "opinions" page of his ''Eroica Project'', notes: "....The massiveness of the first movement of the ''Eroica'' is real, but is not its main claim on our attention. That honor goes to its astonishing story (structure), and what is to me most unique about Klemperer is that his understanding of the structure remains unchanged no matter what his tempo... "
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==Discografia==
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== Bibliografia ==
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* [http://www.nakedtheatre.co.uk/beatingtime.htm Beating Time: a play by Jim Grover about Klemperer]
* [http://www.concentric.net/~onk145/Stanford.htm The Stanford Collection. A comprehensive film archive, collected by Dr Charles Barber]
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