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{{em tradução|:en:Robert Serber}}
 
{{Info/Cientista
|nome =Robert Serber
|imagem =Robert Serber ID badge.png
|tamanho =200px
|legenda =
|nome_nativo =
|data_nascimento ={{dni|14|3|1909|sem idade|lang=brsi}}
|local_nascimento =[[Filadélfia]]
|data_morte ={{falecimento e idademorte|1|6|1997|14|3|1909|lang=br}}
|local_morte =
|causa_morte =
|pais_de_residencia =
|nacionalidade ={{USAb}} [[Povo dos Estados Unidos|Estadunidense]]
|etnicidade =
|campo =[[Física]]
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|conhecido_por =
|influenciado =
|premio ={{nowrap|[[Prêmio Memorial J. Robert Oppenheimer]] (1972)}}
|conjuge =
|religiao =
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|notas =
}}
'''Robert Serber''' ([[Filadélfia]], [[14 de março]] de [[1909]] — [[1 de junho]] de [[1997]]) foi um [[Física|físico]] [[Povo dos Estados Unidos|estadunidense]].
 
Participou do [[Projeto Manhattan]]. Nascido em [[Filadélfia]], filho mais velho de David Serber e Rose Frankel. Casou com Charlotte Leof (26 de julho de 1911 — 1967) em 1933. Rose Serber morreu em 1922; em 1928 David casou com a prima de Charlotte, Frances Leof.
 
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He earned his B.S. in Engineering Physics from [[Lehigh University]] in 1930, his PhD from the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] with [[John Van Vleck]] in 1934, after which he was initially going to begin postdoctorate work at [[Princeton University]] with [[Eugene Wigner]]. He changed his plans and went to work with [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]] at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] (and shuttled with Oppenheimer between Berkeley and the [[California Institute of Technology]]). In 1938 he took a job at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]] where he stayed until he was recruited for the [[Manhattan Project]]. He later became a professor and chair of the physics department at [[Columbia University]].
 
He was recruited for the Manhattan Project in 1941, and was in [[Project Alberta]] on the dropping of the bomb. When the Los Alamos National Laboratory was first being organised a decision was made by Oppenheimer to not compartmentalize the technical information among different departments. This increased the effectiveness of the technical workers in problem solving, and emphasized the urgency of the project in their minds, now they knew what they were working on. So it fell to Serber to give a series of lectures explaining the basic principles and goals of the project. These lectures were printed and supplied to all incoming scientific staff, and became known as ''[[The Los Alamos Primer]]'', LA-1. It was declassified in 1965. ([[:Image:Los Alamos Primer.pdf|Available at Wikimedia Commons]]). Serber developed the first good theory of bomb disassembly hydrodynamics.
 
Serber's wife Charlotte was appointed by Oppenheimer to head the technical library at Los Alamos National where she was the only female section leader at wartime Los Alamos.
 
Serber created the code-names for all three design projects, the "[[Little Boy]]" (uranium gun), "[[Thin Man nuclear bomb|Thin Man]]" (plutonium gun), and "[[Fat Man]]" (plutonium implosion), according to his reminiscences (1998). The names were based on their design shapes; the "Thin Man" would be a very long device, and the name came from the [[Dashiell Hammett]] [[The Thin Man|detective novel]] and [[The Thin Man (film)|series of movies]] of the same name; the "Fat Man" bomb would be round and fat and was named after [[Sidney Greenstreet]]'s character in ''[[The Maltese Falcon (1941 film)|The Maltese Falcon]]''. "Little Boy" would come last and be named only to contrast to the "Thin Man" bomb. This differs from the alternative theory that "Fat Man" was named after Churchill and "Thin Man" after Roosevelt (see Links).
 
Serber was to go on the camera plane for the Nagasaki mission, [[Big Stink (B-29)|Big Stink]], but it left without him when Major Hopkins ordered him off the plane as he had forgotten his parachute, reportedly after the B-29 had already taxied onto the runway. Since Serber was the only crew member who knew how to operate the high-speed camera, Hopkins had to be instructed by radio from Tinian on its use.
 
Serber was with the first American team to enter [[Hiroshima]] and [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]] to assess the results of the atomic bombing of the two cities.
 
In 1947 an attempt was made on his life by [[anti-communism|anti-communist]] librarian Chris James Hines and in 1948, he had to defend himself against anonymous accusations of disloyalty, mostly due to the fact that his wife's family were Jewish intellectuals with Socialist leanings, and also because he tried to remove politics from discussions of the feasibility of the fusion bomb, leading to arguments with [[Edward Teller]].
 
Serber went on to be consultant to numerous labs, businesses and commissions.
 
Robert Serber is interviewed in the Oscar-nominated documentary, ''[[The Day After Trinity]]'' (1980).
 
Serber died June 1, 1997, at his home in Manhattan, from complications following surgery for brain cancer.<ref>Freeman, Karen, [http://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/02/us/robert-serber-88-physicist-who-aided-birth-of-a-bomb.html?scp=1&sq=Robert%20Serber&st=cse "Robert Serber, 88, Physicist Who Aided Birth of A-Bomb"]; ''[[The New York Times]]'', June 2, 1997</ref>
 
In the 1989 movie dramatization of the Manhattan Project, ''[[Fat Man and Little Boy]]'', the role of Robert Serber is played by [[H. David Politzer|Dr. H. David Politzer]], a professor of theoretical physics at [[Caltech]]. Politzer was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2004.
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{{Referências}}
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*Serber, Robert, ''Serber Says: About Nuclear Physics''. Singapore: World Scientific, 1987.
 
=={{Ligações externas}}==
*[http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people/Serber,+Robert Annotated bibliography for Robert Serber from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues]
*[http://www.mbe.doe.gov/me70/manhattan/implosion_necessity.htm Naming of Fat Man & Thin Man after Churchill, Roosevelt?]
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{{Presidentes da American Physical Society}}
 
{{Esboço-físico}}
 
{{Controle de autoridade}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Serber, Robert}}
Obtida de "https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Serber"