Partido Solo Livre: diferenças entre revisões

In 1848, the New York State [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] convention did not endorse the [[Wilmot Proviso]], an act that would have banned slavery in any territory conquered by the United States in the [[Mexican–American War|Mexican War]]. Almost half the members, known as "[[Barnburners and Hunkers|Barnburners]]", walked out after denouncing the national platform. [[Lewis Cass]], the Democratic Party's [[United States presidential election, 1848|1848 presidential nominee]], supported [[Popular sovereignty in the United States|popular sovereignty]] (local control) for determining the status of slavery in the U.S. territories. This stance repulsed the New York State Democrats and encouraged them to join with anti-slavery [[Conscience Whigs]] and the majority of the [[Liberty Party (1840s)|Liberty Party]] to form the Free Soil Party,<ref>{{Citecitar web |url=httpshttp://wwwwwww.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/slavery-and-anti-slavery/timeline-terms/free-soil-party |titletitulo=Free-Soil Party {{!}}|ultimo1= |primeiro1= |ultimo2= |primeiro2= |data= |formato= |obra= |publicado=The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History |websiteacessodata=www.gilderlehrman.org29 de março de 2018 |languageidioma=en|access-date=2017-10-19inglês }}</ref> which was formalized in the summer of 1848 at conventions in [[Utica, New York|Utica]] and [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]]. The Free Soilers nominated former Democratic President [[Martin Van Buren]] for President, along with [[Charles Francis Adams Sr.|Charles Francis Adams]] for Vice President, at [[Lafayette Square, Buffalo|Lafayette Square]] in Buffalo, then known as Court House Park.<ref>{{citecitar web |url=http://lucky.phpwebhosting.com/~ah/h/lafsq/courthse/index.html |titletitulo=Old Court House |accessdateultimo1=March 8,|primeiro1= 2008|ultimo2= |publisherprimeiro2=Chuck LaChiusa|data= |workformato= |obra=History of Buffalo |archiveurlpublicado=Chuck LaChiusa |acessodata=29 de março de 2018 |arquivourl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808145815/http://lucky.phpwebhosting.com/~ah/h/lafsq/courthse/index.html |archivedatearquivodata=August 8, de agosto de 2007 |citacao=}}</ref> The main party leaders were [[Salmon P. Chase]] of Ohio and [[John P. Hale]] of [[New Hampshire]]. The Free Soil candidates won 10% of the popular vote in 1848, but no electoral votes, in part because the nomination of Van Buren discouraged many anti-slavery Whigs from supporting them.

The party distanced itself from [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionism]] and avoided the moral problems implicit in slavery. Members emphasized instead the threat slavery would pose to free white labor and Northern businessmen in the new Western territories. Although abolitionist [[William Lloyd Garrison]] derided the party philosophy as "white manism",<ref name="google">{{citecitar livro book|titleultimo=Louisa May Alcott on Race, Sex, and Slavery|author1primeiro=Alcott, L.M. |author2autor2=Elbert, S. |dateano=1997 |publishertitulo=NortheasternLouisa UniversityMay Alcott on Race, Sex, and Slavery Press|isbn=9781555533076|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6g6kwxBDzxoC |local= |editora=Northeastern University Press |pagina= |isbn=9781555533076 }}</ref> the approach appealed to many moderate opponents of slavery. The 1848 platform pledged to promote limited [[internal improvements]], work for a homestead law, work towards paying off the public debt and introduce a moderate tariff for revenue only.

In August 1854, an alliance was brokered at [[Ottawa, Illinois]] between the Free Soil Party and the Whigs (in part based on the efforts of local newspaper publisher Jonathan F. Linton) that gave rise to the new Republican Party which had been founded in March of that year.<ref name=SIMMONS>{{citecitar web |url=http://www.heritagepursuit.com/Franklin/Franklin%20Vol%20II%20Bio%2006%20P100.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120045812/http://www.heritagepursuit.com/Franklin/Franklin%20Vol%20II%20Bio%2006%20P100.htm |archivedate=January 20, 2009 |titletitulo=Centennial history of Columbus and Franklin County, Ohio; Vol. 2 |pagesultimo1=161–162Taylor |firstprimeiro1=William Alexander |lastultimo2= |primeiro2= |ano=1909 |formato= |obra=Taylor |publisherpublicado=S. J. Clarke Publishing Co |yearacessodata=190929 de março de 2018 |pagina=161–162 |arquivourl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120045812/http://www.heritagepursuit.com/Franklin/Franklin%20Vol%20II%20Bio%2006%20P100.htm |arquivodata=20 de janeiro de 2009 |citacao= }}</ref>

[[Free Soil Township, Michigan]] was named after the Free Soil party in 1848.<ref name=BOUGHNER>{{citecitar news |last=Boughner |first=Eliane Durnin|date=Jun 25, 1981 |title=Free Soil Gets History Write-upweb |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pIxkAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5UsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6887%2C7813007 |newspapertitulo=Free Soil Gets History Write-up |ultimo1=Boughner |primeiro1=Eliane Durnin |ultimo2= |primeiro2= |data=25 de junho de 1981 |formato= |obra= |publicado=Ludington Daily News |locationlocal=Ludington, MI |access-dateacessodata=Sep29 13,de 2016março de 2018 |citacao= }}</ref>

* [[Jonathan Blanchard (abolitionist)|Jonathan Blanchard]], President of [[Knox College (Illinois)|Knox College]]<ref name=Kane>{{citecitar livro |ultimo= |primeiro= |ano=1878 book|titletitulo=The Past and Present of Kane County, Illinois |url= |local=Chicago, IL |publishereditora=William Le Baron, Jr. & Co. |placepagina=Chicago,258 IL|yearisbn=1878|p=258}}</ref>

* [[J. Young Scammon]], Chicago pioneer and state Whig leader, who in 1848 ran on a "Free Soil plank" in the 4th Congressional District<ref>{{citecitar livro book|last1ultimo=Harris |first1primeiro=Norman Dwight |ano=1904 |titletitulo=The History of Negro Servitude in Illinois|date=1904|pages=173–174 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CnZIAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA173 |accessdatelocal=2 December|editora= 2015|pagina=173–174 |isbn=}}</ref>