Usuário:Gato Preto/Testes/10: diferenças entre revisões
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==Publicação na Rússia==
[[File:Voline.jpg|thumb|left|[[Volin]] described ''Golos Truda'''s procedure of revealing misdeeds of those in power, and suggesting alternatives as, "not only its right, but incontestably its strictest duty."<ref name="volinc4">Chapter 4, "[http://www.ditext.com/voline/271.html The Unknown Anarchist Press in the Russian Revolution]", {{Harvnb|Volin|1974}}</ref>]]
Embora no princípio os [[Bolchevique|bolcheviques]] não eram muito populares após a Revolução de Fevereiro–com o primeiro-ministro Aleksandr Kérenski, um liberal, a manter o apoio suficiente para sufocar um golpe de Estado, como o de Julho–aproveitaram a desordem e o colapso económico-social, as greves massivas e o escândalo de Kornílov para aumentar a sua popularidade e, posteriormente, controlar os conselhos operários, os [[sovietes]].<ref>{{Citar periódico|data=2017-06-19|titulo=Opinion {{!}} Was Lenin a German Agent?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/19/opinion/was-lenin-a-german-agent.html|jornal=The New York Times|lingua=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Citar web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/higher/history/russia/october/revision/3/|titulo=BBC - Higher Bitesize History - The causes of the October Revolution : Revision, Page3|acessodata=2018-05-01|lingua=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Citar web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/russia/provisionalgovernmentrev1.shtml|titulo=BBC - GCSE Bitesize - Provisional Government and its problems|acessodata=2018-05-01|lingua=en-GB}}</ref> Voline lamentaria a lacuna de quase seis meses entre a Revolução de Fevereiro e o estabelicimento do ''Golos Truda'' na Rússia, considerando-o «uma grande e irreparável demora para os anarquistas»; agora, afrontavam uma situação muito complicada, com a maioria dos trabalhadores a seguir o poderoso e consolidado Partido Bolchevique, cuja propaganda<ref>{{Citar periódico|ultimo=Panfilova|primeiro=Vera|data=2017-11-05|titulo=Russia's revolutionary posters|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-41833406|jornal=BBC News|lingua=en-GB|acessodata=1 de maio de 2018}}</ref> tinha permeado por toda a sociedade operária e tinha dizimado os esforços anarquistas.<ref>{{Citar web|url=http://www.ditext.com/voline/271.html|titulo=The Unknown Revolution, 1917-1921|acessodata=2018-05-01|obra=www.ditext.com}}</ref>
Em Petrogrado, o trabalho da nova publicação foi auxiliada pela nascente ''União para a Propaganda Anarcossindicalista'',<ref name=":2" /> e o novo jornal aumentou consideravelmente o poder e força do movimento operário anarquista nessa cidade.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Thorpe|first=Wayne|title=The Workers Themselves|publisher=Kluwer Academic|year=1989|isbn=0-7923-0276-1|page=59|editora=|ano=|local=|páginas=|acessodata=1 de maio de 2018}}</ref> A sua equipa editorial incluia [[Maksim Rayevsky]], [[Vladimir Shatov]] (o linotipista),<ref name="aa" /> [[Voline]],<ref name=":1" /> [[Gregori Maksimov]], [[Alexander Schapiro]],<ref>{{Citar livro|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=ec5UCw2ZCIoC&pg=PT300&lpg=PT300&dq=alexander+schapiro+golos+truda&source=bl&ots=z-BVn2qKsS&sig=gMHLULm2go41AnaMOAbNlaZU0M4&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi08Jb14uTaAhWzZpoKHen4ArgQ6AEIYTAN#v=onepage&q=alexander%20schapiro%20golos%20truda&f=false|título=Sasha and Emma: The Anarchist Odyssey of Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman|ultimo=Avrich|primeiro=Paul|ultimo2=Avrich|primeiro2=Karen|data=2012-11-01|editora=Harvard University Press|ano=|local=|páginas=|lingua=en|isbn=9780674070349|acessodata=1 de maio de 2018}}</ref> e [[Vasya Swieda]].<ref>{{Citar web|url=http://www.iisg.nl/archives/en/files/m/10760366full.php|titulo=IISH - Archives|acessodata=2018-05-01|obra=www.iisg.nl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Avrich|first=Paul|authorlink=Paul Avrich|title=Anarchist Voices|publisher=[[AK Press]]|location=Stirling|year=2005|isbn=1-904859-27-5|oclc=64098230|page=369|editora=|ano=|local=|páginas=|acessodata=1 de maio de 2018}}</ref>
A primeira edição semanal foi publicada a 11 de Agosto de 1917, com um editorial que expressou e afirmou vigorosamente a sua oposição ao programa e tácticas dos bolcheviques, dos [[Menchevique|mencheviques]], dos [[Socialistas Revolucionários de Esquerda]], dos [[Partido Socialista Revolucionário (Rússia)|Partido Socialista Revolucionário]] e outros. Destacou também que a concepção da acção dos [[Anarcosocialismo|anarquistas socialistas]] não se assemelhava em nada à dos [[Socialismo marxista|socialistas marxianos]].<ref>{{Citar web|url=http://www.ditext.com/voline/271.html|titulo=The Unknown Revolution, 1917-1921|acessodata=2018-05-01|obra=www.ditext.com}}</ref>
The first (weekly) issue was published on August 11, 1917, with an editorial stated its firm opposition to the tactics and programs of the Bolsheviks, [[Mensheviks]], [[left Social Revolutionaries]], [[right Social Revolutionaries]] and others, and that the conception of revolutionary action of the anarchist socialists bore no resemblance to those of the Marxist socialists.<ref name=volinc4>Chapter 4, "[http://www.ditext.com/voline/271.html The Unknown Anarchist Press in the Russian Revolution]", {{Harvnb|Volin|1974}}</ref> It declared as its principal goal a revolution that would replace the [[Sovereign state|state]] with a free confederation of autonomous "peasant unions, industrial unions, factory committees, control commissions and the like in locations all over the country".<ref name=uno>{{Cite journal|journal=Golos Truda |issue=1 |date=August 11, 1917 |page=1 |title=Editorial}}</ref> This revolution would be "anti-statist in its methods of struggle, syndicalist in its economic content, and federal in its political tasks".<ref name=uno/> It placed its greatest hopes in the [[factory committee]]s, which had arisen spontaneously around the country after the February Revolution.<ref name=av40>{{Harvnb|Avrich|2006|p=140}}</ref>▼
▲The first (weekly) issue was published on August 11, 1917, with an editorial stated its firm opposition to the tactics and programs of the Bolsheviks, [[Mensheviks]], [[left Social Revolutionaries]], [[right Social Revolutionaries]] and others, and that the conception of revolutionary action of the anarchist socialists bore no resemblance to those of the Marxist socialists.
Each of the early issues contained what Volin later described as "clear and definite articles on the way in which the Anarcho-Syndicalists conceived the constructive tasks of the Revolution to come", citing as examples "a series of articles on the role of the factory committees; articles on the tasks of the Soviets, and others on how to resolve the agrarian problem, on the new organization of production, and on exchange".<ref name=volinc4/> It published copious articles on the [[general strike]] as well as on the French ''[[bourses du travail]]'' and ''[[syndicats]]''.<ref name=av39>{{Harvnb|Avrich|2006|p=139}}</ref> The paper shifted to daily publication for three months after the [[October Revolution]] of that same year.<ref name="rocker">[[Rudolf Rocker|Rocker, Rudolf]]. [http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bright/voline/biography.html Foreword] to {{Harvnb|Volin|1974}}</ref><ref name=volinc4/> In a series of articles, it proclaimed the necessity of immediately abandoning the [[vanguardist]] Bolshevik [[dictatorship of the proletariat]], and of allowing the workers freedom of association and action.<ref name=volinc4/>
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