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{{coor title dms|36|18|0|N|59|36|0|E}}
{{Info/Assentamento
|nome_oficial = Mexed
|assentamento_tipo =
|imagem_horizonte =Ali_al_Ridha_Dome_-_Aerial_view_(3).jpg
|imagem_tamanho = 250px
|imagem_legenda = Mesquita de Ali Reza
|imagem_bandeira =
|bandeira_tamanho =
Linha 64 ⟶ 65:
|altitude_ft =
|população_notas =
|população_total = 2,907,3163001184
|população_em = 20062017
|população_densidade_km2 =
|população_densidade_sq_mi =
Linha 83 ⟶ 84:
|notas =
}}
'''Mashhad''', '''Mexed'''<ref>{{Citar livro|título=Enciclopédia brasileira mérito|ano=1967|página=43|volume=15|editora=Editôra Mérito S.A.}}</ref><ref>{{Citar livro|título=Enciclopédia brasileira mérito|ano=1970|página=299|volume=1|editora=Editôra Mérito S.A.}}</ref> ou '''Meched'''<ref>{{Citar livro|título=Grande enciclopédia portuguesa e brasileira|ano=1950s|volume=21|editora=Editorial Enciclopédia|página=397}}</ref> ({{langx|fa|مشهد||''Mashhad/Meshed''}}) é uma [[Anexo:Lista de cidades no Irão|cidade]] do [[Irão]], na [[províncias do Irão|província]] do [[Coração Razavi]]. Localiza-se no nordeste do país, próximo à fronteira com o [[Afeganistão]] e o [[Turcomenistão]]. É a segunda maior cidade do país, com cerca de 2,833 milhões de habitantes.
 
A cidade é uma das mais sagradas para a comunidade [[xiita]] muçulmana. Ali se encontra a tumba do [[Imame|imã]] [[al-Rida]] (765-c.818), um dos sucessores legítimos do profeta [[Maomé]], segundo os xiitas. Um mausoléu foi construído para o imã e reconstruído várias vezes ao longo dos séculos. Cerca de 20 milhões de turistas visitam o mausoléu de al-Rida anualmente.
 
Mashhad tem sido governada por vários grupos étnicos no decurso da história. A cidade gozou de relativa prosperidade no período mongol.
 
Mashhad é conhecida informalmente como a cidade de [[Ferdusi]], poeta iraniano que compôs o [[Épica dos Reis|Shahnameh]] (Épica dos Reis). A cidade foi o local de nascimento de muitas figuras literárias e artísticas persas, como o poeta Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, ou o cantor e compositor tradicional Mohammad-Reza Shajarian. Ferdusi e Akhavan-Sales estão ambos sepultados em [[Tus]], antiga cidade que deu origem à atual Mashhad.
 
Em 30 de outubro de 2009 (aniversário da morte do Imã Reza), o então presidente Mahmoud Ahmadinejad declarou Mashhad como a "capital espiritual do Irão"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.khorasannews.com/News.aspx?type=1&year=1388&month=8&day=9&id=281168 | title = مشهد، پایتخت معنوی ایران اعلام شد | trans-title = Mashhad, Iran's spiritual capital | publisher = Khorasan newspaper | date = 9 Aban 1388 | access-date = Persian date Khordad 23 1394 | language = Persian | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150707030446/http://www.khorasannews.com/News.aspx?type=1&year=1388&month=8&day=9&id=281168 | archivedate = 2015-07-07 | df = }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=نام‌گذاري مشهد به عنوان پايتخت معنوي "Nombramiento de Mashhad como capital espiritual de Irán"|url=http://shahr.ir/fa/news/3841/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A|publisher=Shahr.ir|date=1 November 2009|access-date=26 October 2013|language=persian|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20131026085822/http://shahr.ir/fa/news/3841/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A|archivedate=26 October 2013|df=}}</ref>
 
===Clima===
Devido à proximidade às montanhas, a cidade tem verões algo quentes e invernos muito frios. De acordo com os dados da tabela abaixo, e com os critérios da classificação climática de [[Classificação climática de Köppen|Köppen]] modificada<ref>{{Citar web|url=http://snow.cals.uidaho.edu/Clim_Map/koppen_criteria.htm|autor=Critchfield, H.J.|ano=1983|obra=General Climatology|editora=Prentice Hall|edição=4|título=Criteria for classification of major climatic types in modified Köppen system|editor=University of Idaho|idioma=inglês|arquivourl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930221104/http://snow.cals.uidaho.edu/Clim_Map/koppen_criteria.htm|arquivodata=30 de setembro de 2009}} Consultado em 29 de novembro de 2012.</ref> o clima de Mashhad é [[Clima semiárido|semiárido]] ou de [[estepe]] (tipo ''Bsk'').
 
 
{{Weather box
|location = Mashhad (1951–2010, extremes 1951–2010)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 24.0
|Feb record high C = 26.0
|Mar record high C = 32.0
|Apr record high C = 35.4
|May record high C = 39.2
|Jun record high C = 41.6
|Jul record high C = 43.8
|Aug record high C = 42.4
|Sep record high C = 42.0
|Oct record high C = 35.8
|Nov record high C = 29.4
|Dec record high C = 28.2
|year record high C = 43.8
|Jan high C = 7.1
|Feb high C = 9.3
|Mar high C = 14.2
|Apr high C = 20.9
|May high C = 26.8
|Jun high C = 32.3
|Jul high C = 34.4
|Aug high C = 33.1
|Sep high C = 28.9
|Oct high C = 22.5
|Nov high C = 15.5
|Dec high C = 9.8
|year high C = 21.2
|Jan mean C = 1.7
|Feb mean C = 3.7
|Mar mean C = 8.5
|Apr mean C = 14.7
|May mean C = 19.6
|Jun mean C = 24.4
|Jul mean C = 26.6
|Aug mean C = 24.8
|Sep mean C = 20.3
|Oct mean C = 14.5
|Nov mean C = 8.7
|Dec mean C = 4.0
|year mean C = 14.3
|Jan low C = -3.8
|Feb low C = -1.8
|Mar low C = 2.9
|Apr low C = 8.4
|May low C = 12.4
|Jun low C = 16.4
|Jul low C = 18.7
|Aug low C = 16.5
|Sep low C = 11.7
|Oct low C = 6.4
|Nov low C = 1.9
|Dec low C = -1.7
|year low C = 7.3
|Jan record low C = -27.0
|Feb record low C = -28.0
|Mar record low C = -13.0
|Apr record low C = -7.0
|May record low C = -1.0
|Jun record low C = 4.0
|Jul record low C = 10.0
|Aug record low C = 5.0
|Sep record low C = -1.0
|Oct record low C = -8.0
|Nov record low C = -16.0
|Dec record low C = -25.0
|year record low C = -28.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 32.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 34.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 55.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 45.4
|May precipitation mm = 27.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 4.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 1.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 0.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 2.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 8.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 16.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 24.3
|year precipitation mm = 251.5
|Jan humidity = 75
|Feb humidity = 73
|Mar humidity = 69
|Apr humidity = 62
|May humidity = 50
|Jun humidity = 37
|Jul humidity = 34
|Aug humidity = 33
|Sep humidity = 37
|Oct humidity = 49
|Nov humidity = 63
|Dec humidity = 73
|year humidity = 54
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 5.6
|Feb precipitation days = 5.8
|Mar precipitation days = 8.2
|Apr precipitation days = 6.8
|May precipitation days = 4.5
|Jun precipitation days = 1.1
|Jul precipitation days = 0.3
|Aug precipitation days = 0.2
|Sep precipitation days = 0.5
|Oct precipitation days = 1.5
|Nov precipitation days = 2.9
|Dec precipitation days = 4.2
|year precipitation days = 41.6
|Jan snow days = 5.6
|Feb snow days = 5.8
|Mar snow days = 4.0
|Apr snow days = 0.4
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.1
|Nov snow days = 1.2
|Dec snow days = 3.8
|year snow days = 20.9
|Jan sun = 148.3
|Feb sun = 147.5
|Mar sun = 163.3
|Apr sun = 200.4
|May sun = 280.4
|Jun sun = 343.2
|Jul sun = 366.9
|Aug sun = 359.7
|Sep sun = 305.2
|Oct sun = 249.5
|Nov sun = 188.3
|Dec sun = 151.6
|year sun = 2904.3
|source 1 = Iran Meteorological Organization (records),<ref name= records>
*{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khr/MASHHAD/7.asp |title= Highest record temperature in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |accessdate= April 8, 2015}}
*{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khr/MASHHAD/6.asp |title= Lowest record temperature in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |accessdate= April 8, 2015}}</ref> (temperatures),<ref name=temperatures>
*{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khr/MASHHAD/3.asp |title= Average Maximum temperature in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |accessdate= April 8, 2015 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160308111615/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khr/MASHHAD/3.asp |archivedate= March 8, 2016 |df= }}
*{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khr/MASHHAD/5.asp |title= Average Mean Daily temperature in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |accessdate= April 8, 2015 }}
*{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khr/MASHHAD/2.asp |title= Average Minimum temperature in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |accessdate= April 8, 2015 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160308103639/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khr/MASHHAD/2.asp |archivedate= March 8, 2016 |df= }}</ref> (precipitation),<ref name= precipitation>
{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khr/MASHHAD/25.asp |title= Monthly Total Precipitation in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |accessdate= April 8, 2015}}</ref> (humidity),<ref name=humidity>
{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khr/MASHHAD/14.asp |title= Average relative humidity in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |accessdate= April 8, 2015 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160308112812/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khr/MASHHAD/14.asp |archivedate= March 8, 2016 |df= }}</ref> (days with precipitation),<ref name=precipdays>
{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khr/MASHHAD/29.asp |title= No. Of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |accessdate= April 8, 2015 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160308105151/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khr/MASHHAD/29.asp |archivedate= March 8, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
<ref name=snowdays>
{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khr/MASHHAD/32.asp |title= No. Of days with snow in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |accessdate= April 8, 2015 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160308120439/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khr/MASHHAD/32.asp |archivedate= March 8, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
(sunshine)<ref name=sunshine>
{{cite web |url= http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khr/MASHHAD/42.asp |title= Monthly total sunshine hours in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |accessdate= April 8, 2015 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160308105145/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/khr/MASHHAD/42.asp |archivedate= March 8, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
|date=March 2016
}}
 
== Cidadãos notórios ==
Linha 107 ⟶ 270:
*[[Aeroporto Internacional de Mashhad]]
*[[Metrô de Mexed]]
*[[Mesquita de Imam Hasan]]
 
{{referências|col=2}}
Obtida de "https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexede"