Anarcocomunismo: diferenças entre revisões

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'''Anarco-comunismo'''<ref>{{citar livro|título=The Spanish Civil War: revolution and counterrevolution |último =Bolloten |primeiro = Burnett|ano= 1991 |publicado=UNC Press Books |local= |isbn=978-0-8078-1906-7|página=65 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-VarDLHA3_YC&pg=PA65&dq=%22libertarian+communism%22#v=onepage&q=%22libertarian%20communism%22&f=false |acessodata=25 de março de 2011}}</ref> (também chamado '''comunismo anarquista''', '''[[comunismo libertário]]'''),<ref>"Anarchist communism is also known as anarcho-communism, communist anarchism, or, sometimes, libertarian communism."[http://libcom.org/thought/anarchist-communism-an-introduction "Anarchist communism - an introduction" by Libcom.org]</ref><ref>"The terms libertarian communism and anarchist communism thus became synonymous within the international anarchist movement as a result of the close connection they had in Spain (with libertarian communism becoming the prevalent term)."[http://www.fdca.it/fdcaen/historical/vault/ancom-libcom.htm "Anarchist Communism & Libertarian Communism" by Gruppo Comunista Anarchico di Firenze. from "L'informatore di parte", No.4, October 1979, quarterly journal of the Gruppo Comunista Anarchico di Firenze]</ref><ref>"The 'Manifesto of Libertarian Communism' was written in 1953 by Georges Fontenis for the Federation Communiste Libertaire of France. It is one of the key texts of the anarchist-communist current." [http://libcom.org/library/manifesto-of-libertarian-communism-georges-fontenis "Manifesto of Libertarian Communism" by Georges Fontenis]</ref><ref>"In 1926 a group of exiled Russian anarchists in France, the Delo Truda (Workers' Cause) group, published this pamphlet. It arose not from some academic study but from their experiences in the 1917 Russian revolution." [http://www.nestormakhno.info/english/platform/org_plat.htm "The Organizational Platform of the Libertarian Communists" by Delo Truda]</ref><ref>[http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/wendy-mcelroy-the-schism-between-individualist-and-communist-anarchism "The Schism Between Individualist and Communist Anarchism" by ][[Wendy McElroy]]</ref><ref>"Anarchist communism is also known as anarcho-communism, communist anarchism, or, sometimes, libertarian communism." [[Anarchist communism is also known as anarcho-communism, communist anarchism, or, sometimes, libertarian communism.|"Anarchist communism - an introduction" by Jacques Roux]]</ref> é uma corrente do [[anarquismo]] que advoga pela abolição do [[Estado]], do [[capitalismo]], da [[propriedade privada]] (retendo assim a [[propriedade particular]]),<ref>"The revolution abolishes private ownership of the means of production and distribution, and with it goes capitalistic business. Personal possession remains only in the things you use. Thus, your watch is your own, but the watch factory belongs to the people."[http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Alexander_Berkman__What_Is_Communist_Anarchism_.html][[Alexander Berkman]]<span>. "</span>[[Now and After|What Is Communist Anarchism?]]<span>"</span></ref> e advoga a [[propriedade comum]] dos [[meios de produção]],<ref name=Mayne>{{citar livro|url=http://books.google.com/?id=6MkTz6Rq7wUC&pg=PA131&dq=Communist+anarchism+belives+in+collective+ownership |título=From Politics Past to Politics Future: An Integrated Analysis of Current and Emergent Paradigms Alan James Mayne Published 1999 Greenwood Publishing Group 316 pages ISBN 0-275-96151-6 |publicado=Books.google.com |data= |acessodata=2010-09-20|isbn=978-0-275-96151-0|ano=1999}}</ref><ref>{{citar livro|url=http://books.google.com/?id=jeiudz5sBV4C&pg=PA14&dq=Communist+anarchism+believes+in+common+ownership#PPA13,M1 |título=Anarchism for Know-It-Alls By Know-It-Alls For Know-It-Alls, For Know-It-Alls |publicado=Filiquarian Publishing, LLC. |data=janeiro de 2008|acessodata=2010-09-20|isbn=978-1-59986-218-7}}</ref> [[democracia direta]], e uma rede horizontal de [[associação voluntária|associações voluntárias]] e [[conselhos operários]] com a produção e consumo baseadas na máxima: "[[de cada qual, segundo sua capacidade; a cada qual, segundo suas necessidades]]".<ref>Fabbri, Luigi. "Anarchism and Communism." Northeastern Anarchist #4. 1922. 13 October 2002. http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/worldwidemovements/fabbrianarandcom.html</ref><ref>Makhno, Mett, Arshinov, Valevski, Linski (Dielo Trouda). "The Organizational Platform of the Libertarian Communists". 1926. Constructive Section: available here http://www.nestormakhno.info/english/platform/constructive.htm</ref>
 
Algumas formas de anarco-comunismo, tais como o [[anarquismo insurrecionário]] são fortemente influenciadas pelo [[individualismo]] radical, acreditando que o anarco-comunismo é o melhor sistema para a satisfação da liberdade individual.<ref>Christopher Gray, ''Leaving the Twentieth Century'', p. 88.</ref><ref name="creativenothing">[http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Renzo_Novatore__Toward_the_Creative_Nothing.html "Towards the creative Nothing" by [[Renzo Novatore]]]</ref><ref name="bobblack">[[Post-left anarchy|Post-left]] anarcho-communist [[Bob Black]] after analysing [[Insurrectionary anarchism|insurrectionary]] anarcho-communist [[Luigi Galleani]]'s view on anarcho-communism went as far as saying that "communism is the final fulfillment of [[individualism]]...The apparent contradiction between individualism and communism rests on a misunderstanding of both...Subjectivity is also objective: the individual really is subjective. It is nonsense to speak of “emphatically prioritizing the social over the individual,”...You may as well speak of prioritizing the chicken over the egg. Anarchy is a “method of individualization.” It aims to combine the greatest individual development with the greatest communal unity."[http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Bob_Black__Nightmares_of_Reason.html#toc22 Bob Black. ''Nightmares of Reason''.]</ref><ref>"Modern Communists are more individualistic than Stirner. To them, not merely religion, morality, family and State are spooks, but property also is no more than a spook, in whose name the individual is enslaved - and how enslaved!...Communism thus creates a basis for the liberty and Eigenheit of the individual. I am a Communist because I am an Individualist. Fully as heartily the Communists concur with Stirner when he puts the word take in place of demand - that leads to the dissolution of property, to expropriation. Individualism and Communism go hand in hand."[http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/goldman/ME/mev2n3.html#142][[Max Baginski]]<span>. "Stirner: The Ego and His Own" on </span>''[[Mother Earth (magazine)|Mother Earth]]''<span>. Vol. 2. No. 3 MAY, 1907</span></ref> Alguns anarco-comunistas enxergam o anarco-comunismo como uma forma de reconciliar a oposição entre o indivíduo e a sociedade.<ref>"Communism is the one which guarantees the greatest amount of individual liberty — provided that the idea that begets the community be Liberty, Anarchy...Communism guarantees economic freedom better than any other form of association, because it can guarantee wellbeing, even luxury, in return for a few hours of work instead of a day's work." [http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Petr_Kropotkin__Communism_and_Anarchy.html "Communism and Anarchy" by [[Peter Kropotkin]]]</ref><ref>This other society will be libertarian communism, in which social solidarity and free individuality find their full expression, and in which these two ideas develop in perfect harmony.[http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Dielo_Truda__Workers__Cause___Organisational_Platform_of_the_Libertarian_Communists.html ''Organisational Platform of the Libertarian Communists'' by Dielo Truda (Workers' Cause)]</ref><ref>"I see the dichotomies made between individualism and communism, individual revolt and class struggle, the struggle against human exploitation and the exploitation of nature as false dichotomies and feel that those who accept them are impoverishing their own critique and struggle."[http://www.reocities.com/kk_abacus/vb/wd12persp.html "MY PERSPECTIVES" by Willful Disobedience Vol. 2, No. 12]</ref><ref name="BrownPolitics">[[L. Susan Brown]], '[[The Politics of Individualism]],' Black Rose Books (2002)</ref><ref name="BrownWork">[[L. Susan Brown]], [http://www.spunk.org/texts/writers/brown/sp001735.html Does Work Really Work? ]</ref> Enquanto alguns anarco-comunistas (e [[anarquismo coletivista|anarquistas coletivistas]] também) rejeitam o "individualismo" e "coletivismo" como conceitos ilusórios,<ref name=":0">{{citar web|título=A.2 What does anarchism stand for?<!--Bot-generated title-->|url=http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/1931/secA2.html#seca213|obra=|arquivourl=http://www.webcitation.org/5kmoMlk6V|arquivodata=2009-10-25|datali=agosto de 2010}}</ref> argumentando que um indivíduo sacrificar-se pela sociedade pelo "bem maior" ou ser dominado pela "comunidade" ou "sociedade" não ser possível porque a sociedade é composta por indivíduos e não por uma unidade coesa separada do indivíduo, de tal forma que o controle coletivo sobre o indivíduo é tirânico e anti-anarquista;<ref>The Place of Anarchism in the Evolution of Socialist Thought, p. 14-15</ref> Outros, como Lucien van der Walt e Michael Schmidt, argumentam que "Anarquistas não [...] identificam a liberdade como o direito para que todos façam exatamente o que bem desejarem, mas como uma ordem social onde o esforço coletivo e as responsabilidades - isto é, as obrigações - podem prover uma base material e um nexus social onde a liberdade individual consegue existir." Eles argumentam que "a liberdade genuína e a individualidade só podem existir em uma sociedade livre" e que em contraste ao "individualismo misântropo e burguês", o anarquismo é baseado em "uma profunda paixão pela liberdade, entendida como um produto social; um profundo respeito por direitos humanos, uma profunda celebração da humanidade e seu potencial; e um comprometimento com uma forma de sociedade onde a 'verdadeira individualidade' estivesse irrevogavelmente ligada à 'mais alta sociabilidade comunista'".<ref name="BrownWork" /><ref>Schmidt, Michael & van der Walt, Lucien. [[Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism (Counter-Power vol 1)]]. I. AK Press. 2009. Page 48</ref>