Breakthrough of the Year

O Breakthrough of the Year é um prêmio anual concedido pela revista científica Science para o desenvolvimento mais significante em pesquisa científica. Iniciado em 1989 como Molecule of the Year, e inspirado no Pessoa do Ano da revista Time, foi renomeado para Breakthrough of the Year em 1996. O Breakthrough of the Year é amplamente reconhecido como uma das maiores distinções em ciência.

Molecule of the Year editar

1989 Reação em cadeia da polimerase e DNA polimerase^[1]
1990 Manufatura de diamante sintético^[2]
1991 Buckminsterfulereno^[3]
1992 Óxido nítrico^[4]
1993 p53^[5]
1994 Enzima de reparo de DNA^[6]

Desde 2002 o Molecule of the Year é concedido pela International Society for Molecular and Cell Biology and Biotechnology Protocols and Researches (ISMCBBPR).^[7]

2002 All-trans-Ácido retinoico^[8]
2003 Adenovírus GP&NP da vacina ébola^[9]
2004 Imidazoleacetic acid-ribotide^[10]
2005 4E10^[11]
2006 hsa-mir-155 e hsa-let-7a-2^[12]
2007 PKD2L1^[13]
2008 anti-SAG 421-433 catalytic IgA^[14]
2009 Sleeping Beauty transposon system^[15]
2010 FOXM1^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]
2011 BMP7^[20]

Breakthrough of the Year editar

1996: Entendimento do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)^[21]
1997: Ovelha Dolly, o primeiro mamífero a ser clonado de células adultas^[22]
1998: Expansão acelerada do universo, matéria escura^[23]
1999: conquista da promessa de rejuvenescimento com células-tronco^[24]
2000: Sequenciamento completo do genoma^[25]
2001: Nanocircuito ou circuito em escala molecular^[26]
2002: RNA interferente^[27]
2003: Energia escura^[28]
2004: Veículo de exploração espacial Spirit pousado em Marte^[29]
2005: Evolução em ação^[30]
2006: Prova da conjectura de Poincaré^[31]
2007: Variação genética humana^[32]
2008: Reprogramação celular^[33]
2009: Ardipithecus^[34]
2010: A primeira máquina quântica^[35]
2011: Ensaio clínico HPTN 052^[36]
2012: Descoberta do bóson de Higgs^[37]
2013: Imunoterapia do câncer^[38]

Referências

↑ R. L. Guyer and D. E. Koshland, Jr (1989). «The Molecule of the Year». Science. 246 (4937): 1543–1546. PMID 2688087. doi:10.1126/science.2688087
↑ D. E. Koshland, Jr (1990). «The Molecule of the Year». Science. 250 (4988). 1637 páginas. Bibcode:1990Sci...250.1637K. doi:10.1126/science.250.4988.1637
↑ D. E. Koshland, Jr (1991). «Molecule of the Year». Science. 254 (5039). 1705 páginas. Bibcode:1991Sci...254.1705K. doi:10.1126/science.254.5039.1705
↑ D. E. Koshland, Jr (1992). «The Molecule of the Year». Science. 258 (5090). 1861 páginas. Bibcode:1992Sci...258.1861K. PMID 1470903. doi:10.1126/science.1470903
↑ D. E. Koshland, Jr (1993). «Molecule of the Year». Science. 262 (5142). 1953 páginas. Bibcode:1993Sci...262.1953K. PMID 8266084. doi:10.1126/science.8266084
↑ D. E. Koshland, Jr (1994). «Molecule of the Year: the DNA repair enzyme». Science. 266 (5193). 1925 páginas. Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1925K. PMID 7801114. doi:10.1126/science.7801114
↑ Molecule of the Year. ISMCBBPR.
↑ Kitareewan S, Pitha-Rowe I, Sekula D, Lowrey CH, Nemeth MJ, Golub TR, Freemantle SJ, Dmitrovsky E. (2002). «UBE1L is a retinoid target that triggers PML/RARα degradation and apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia». PNAS. 99 (6): 3806–11. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.3806K. PMC 122605 . PMID 11891284. doi:10.1073/pnas.052011299
↑ Nancy J. Sullivan, Thomas W. Geisbert, Joan B. Geisbert, Ling Xu, Zhi-yong Yang, Mario Roederer, Richard A. Koup, Peter B. Jahrling and Gary J. Nabel (2000). «Development of a preventive vaccine for Ebola virus infection in primates». Nature. 408 (6812): 605–9. PMID 11117750. doi:10.1038/35046108
↑ George D Prell, Giorgio P Martinelli, Gay R Holstein, Jasenka Matuli?-Adami?, Kyoichi A Watanabe, Susan L F Chan, Noel G Morgan, Musa A Haxhiu, Paul Ernsberger (2004). «Imidazoleacetic acid-ribotide: an endogenous ligand that stimulates imidazol(in)e receptors». PNAS. 101 (37): 13677–13682. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10113677P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0404846101
↑ Rosa M.F. Cardoso, Michael B. Zwick, Robyn L. Stanfield, Renate Kunert, James M. Binley, Hermann Katinger, Dennis R. Burtonand Ian A. Wilson. (2005). «Broadly Neutralizing Anti-HIV Antibody 4E10 Recognizes a Helical Conformation of a Highly Conserved Fusion-Associated Motif in gp41». immunity. 22 (2): 163–173. PMID 15723805. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2004.12.011
↑ Nozomu Yanaihara, Natasha Caplen, Elise Bowman, Masahiro Seike, Kensuke Kumamoto, Ming Yi, Robert M. Stephens, Aikou Okamoto, Jun Yokota, Ta dao Tanaka, George Adrian Calin, Chang-Gong Liu, Carlo M. Croce and Curtis C. Harris. (2006). «Unique microRNA molecular profiles in lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis». Cancer Cell. 9 (3): 189–198. PMID 16530703. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.01.025
↑ Yoshiro Ishimaru, Hitoshi Inada, Momoka Kubota, Hanyi Zhuang, Makoto Tominaga and Hiroaki Matsunami (2006). «Transient receptor potential family members PKD1L3 and PKD2L1 form a candidate sour taste receptor». PNAS. 103 (33): 12569–12574. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10312569I. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602702103
↑ Stephanie Planque, Yasuhiro Nishiyama, Hiroaki Taguchi, Maria Salas, Carl Hanson and Sudhir Paul (2008). «Catalytic antibodies to HIV: Physiological role and potential clinical utility». Autoimmunity Reviews. 7 (6): 473–479. PMC 2527403 . PMID 18558365. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2008.04.002
↑ Mátés L, Chuah MK, Belay E, Jerchow B, Manoj N, Acosta-Sanchez A, Grzela DP, Schmitt A, Becker K, Matrai J, Ma L, Samara-Kuko E, Gysemans C, Pryputniewicz D, Miskey C, Fletcher B, Vandendriessche T, Ivics Z, Izsvák Z. (2009). «Molecular evolution of a novel hyperactive Sleeping Beauty transposase enables robust stable gene transfer in vertebrates». Nature Genetics. 41 (6): 753–61. PMID 19412179. doi:10.1038/ng.343
↑ Gemenetzidis E, Costea ED, Parkinson EK, Waseem A, Wan H, Teh MT. (2010). «Induction of Human Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Expansion by FOXM1». Cancer Research. 70 (22): 9515–26. PMC 3044465 . PMID 21062979. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-2173
↑ Molecule of the Year 2010: http://ismcbbpr.synthasite.com/molyearnews.php
↑ Queen Mary University of London Press release: http://www.qmul.ac.uk/media/news/items/smd/44466.html
↑ Press release: http://www.biotechniques.com/news/2010-Molecule-of-the-Year/biotechniques-311295.html
↑ http://www.scientistsolutions.com/t23427-announcing+ismcbbpr_s+molecule+of+the+year+2011.html scientistsolutions.com
↑ Michael Balter (1996). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. New Hope in HIV Disease». Science. 274 (5295): 1988–1991. Bibcode:1996Sci...274.1988.. doi:10.1126/science.274.5295.1988
↑ Elizabeth Pennisi (1997). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Cloning: The Lamb That Roared». Science. 278 (5346): 2038–2039. Bibcode:1997Sci...278.2038P. doi:10.1126/science.278.5346.2038
↑ James Glanz (1998). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. ASTRONOMY: Cosmic Motion Revealed». Science. 282 (5397): 2156–2157. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.2156G. doi:10.1126/science.282.5397.2156a
↑ Gretchen Vogel (1999). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Capturing the Promise of Youth». Science. 286 (5448): 2238–2239. PMID 10636772. doi:10.1126/science.286.5448.2238
↑ Elizabeth Pennisi (2000). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Genomics Comes of Age». Science. 290 (5500): 2220–2221. PMID 11188701. doi:10.1126/science.290.5500.2220
↑ Robert F. Service (2001). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Molecules Get Wired». Science. 294 (5551): 2442–2443. PMID 11752536. doi:10.1126/science.294.5551.2442
↑ Jennifer Couzin (2002). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Small RNAs Make Big Splash». Science. 298 (5602): 2296–2297. PMID 12493875. doi:10.1126/science.298.5602.2296
↑ Charles Seife (2003). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Illuminating the Dark Universe». Science. 302 (5653): 2038–2039. PMID 14684787. doi:10.1126/science.302.5653.2038
↑ Richard A. Kerr (2004). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. On Mars, a Second Chance for Life». Science. 306 (5704): 2010–2012. PMID 15604365. doi:10.1126/science.306.5704.2010
↑ Elizabeth Culotta, Elizabeth Pennisi (2005). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Evolution in Action». Science. 310 (5756): 1878–1879. PMID 16373538. doi:10.1126/science.310.5756.1878
↑ Dana Mackenzie (2006). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. The Poincaré Conjecture—Proved». Science. 314 (5807): 1848–1849. PMID 17185565. doi:10.1126/science.314.5807.1848
↑ Elizabeth Pennisi (2007). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Human Genetic Variation». Science. 318 (5858): 1842–1843. PMID 18096770. doi:10.1126/science.318.5858.1842
↑ Gretchen Vogel (2008). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Reprogramming Cells». Science. 322 (5909): 1766–1767. PMID 19095902. doi:10.1126/science.322.5909.1766
↑ Ann Gibbons (2009). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Ardipithecus ramidus». Science. 326 (5960): 1598–1599. Bibcode:2009Sci...326.1598G. doi:10.1126/science.326.5960.1598-a
↑ Adrian Cho (2010). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. The First Quantum Machine». Science. 330 (6011). 1604 páginas. Bibcode:2010Sci...330.1604C. doi:10.1126/science.330.6011.1604
↑ Jon Cohen (2011). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. HIV Treatment as Prevention». Science. 334 (6063). 1628 páginas. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1628C. PMID 22194547. doi:10.1126/science.334.6063.1628
↑ «Breakthrough of the Year, 2012». Science
↑ Jenifer Couzin-Franken (20 de dezembro de 2013). «Cancer Immunotherapy». Science. Consultado em 22 de dezembro de 2013

[1] R. L. Guyer and D. E. Koshland, Jr (1989). «The Molecule of the Year». Science. 246 (4937): 1543–1546. PMID 2688087. doi:10.1126/science.2688087

[2] D. E. Koshland, Jr (1990). «The Molecule of the Year». Science. 250 (4988). 1637 páginas. Bibcode:1990Sci...250.1637K. doi:10.1126/science.250.4988.1637

[3] D. E. Koshland, Jr (1991). «Molecule of the Year». Science. 254 (5039). 1705 páginas. Bibcode:1991Sci...254.1705K. doi:10.1126/science.254.5039.1705

[4] D. E. Koshland, Jr (1992). «The Molecule of the Year». Science. 258 (5090). 1861 páginas. Bibcode:1992Sci...258.1861K. PMID 1470903. doi:10.1126/science.1470903

[5] D. E. Koshland, Jr (1993). «Molecule of the Year». Science. 262 (5142). 1953 páginas. Bibcode:1993Sci...262.1953K. PMID 8266084. doi:10.1126/science.8266084

[6] D. E. Koshland, Jr (1994). «Molecule of the Year: the DNA repair enzyme». Science. 266 (5193). 1925 páginas. Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1925K. PMID 7801114. doi:10.1126/science.7801114

[7] Molecule of the Year. ISMCBBPR.

[8] Kitareewan S, Pitha-Rowe I, Sekula D, Lowrey CH, Nemeth MJ, Golub TR, Freemantle SJ, Dmitrovsky E. (2002). «UBE1L is a retinoid target that triggers PML/RARα degradation and apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia». PNAS. 99 (6): 3806–11. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.3806K. PMC 122605 . PMID 11891284. doi:10.1073/pnas.052011299

[9] Nancy J. Sullivan, Thomas W. Geisbert, Joan B. Geisbert, Ling Xu, Zhi-yong Yang, Mario Roederer, Richard A. Koup, Peter B. Jahrling and Gary J. Nabel (2000). «Development of a preventive vaccine for Ebola virus infection in primates». Nature. 408 (6812): 605–9. PMID 11117750. doi:10.1038/35046108

[10] George D Prell, Giorgio P Martinelli, Gay R Holstein, Jasenka Matuli?-Adami?, Kyoichi A Watanabe, Susan L F Chan, Noel G Morgan, Musa A Haxhiu, Paul Ernsberger (2004). «Imidazoleacetic acid-ribotide: an endogenous ligand that stimulates imidazol(in)e receptors». PNAS. 101 (37): 13677–13682. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10113677P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0404846101

[11] Rosa M.F. Cardoso, Michael B. Zwick, Robyn L. Stanfield, Renate Kunert, James M. Binley, Hermann Katinger, Dennis R. Burtonand Ian A. Wilson. (2005). «Broadly Neutralizing Anti-HIV Antibody 4E10 Recognizes a Helical Conformation of a Highly Conserved Fusion-Associated Motif in gp41». immunity. 22 (2): 163–173. PMID 15723805. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2004.12.011

[12] Nozomu Yanaihara, Natasha Caplen, Elise Bowman, Masahiro Seike, Kensuke Kumamoto, Ming Yi, Robert M. Stephens, Aikou Okamoto, Jun Yokota, Ta dao Tanaka, George Adrian Calin, Chang-Gong Liu, Carlo M. Croce and Curtis C. Harris. (2006). «Unique microRNA molecular profiles in lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis». Cancer Cell. 9 (3): 189–198. PMID 16530703. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.01.025

[13] Yoshiro Ishimaru, Hitoshi Inada, Momoka Kubota, Hanyi Zhuang, Makoto Tominaga and Hiroaki Matsunami (2006). «Transient receptor potential family members PKD1L3 and PKD2L1 form a candidate sour taste receptor». PNAS. 103 (33): 12569–12574. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10312569I. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602702103

[14] Stephanie Planque, Yasuhiro Nishiyama, Hiroaki Taguchi, Maria Salas, Carl Hanson and Sudhir Paul (2008). «Catalytic antibodies to HIV: Physiological role and potential clinical utility». Autoimmunity Reviews. 7 (6): 473–479. PMC 2527403 . PMID 18558365. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2008.04.002

[15] Mátés L, Chuah MK, Belay E, Jerchow B, Manoj N, Acosta-Sanchez A, Grzela DP, Schmitt A, Becker K, Matrai J, Ma L, Samara-Kuko E, Gysemans C, Pryputniewicz D, Miskey C, Fletcher B, Vandendriessche T, Ivics Z, Izsvák Z. (2009). «Molecular evolution of a novel hyperactive Sleeping Beauty transposase enables robust stable gene transfer in vertebrates». Nature Genetics. 41 (6): 753–61. PMID 19412179. doi:10.1038/ng.343

[16] Gemenetzidis E, Costea ED, Parkinson EK, Waseem A, Wan H, Teh MT. (2010). «Induction of Human Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Expansion by FOXM1». Cancer Research. 70 (22): 9515–26. PMC 3044465 . PMID 21062979. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-2173

[17] Molecule of the Year 2010: http://ismcbbpr.synthasite.com/molyearnews.php

[18] Queen Mary University of London Press release: http://www.qmul.ac.uk/media/news/items/smd/44466.html

[19] Press release: http://www.biotechniques.com/news/2010-Molecule-of-the-Year/biotechniques-311295.html

[20] ttp://www.scientistsolutions.com/t23427-announcing+ismcbbpr_s+molecule+of+the+year+2011.html scientistsolutions.com

[21] Michael Balter (1996). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. New Hope in HIV Disease». Science. 274 (5295): 1988–1991. Bibcode:1996Sci...274.1988.. doi:10.1126/science.274.5295.1988

[22] Elizabeth Pennisi (1997). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Cloning: The Lamb That Roared». Science. 278 (5346): 2038–2039. Bibcode:1997Sci...278.2038P. doi:10.1126/science.278.5346.2038

[23] James Glanz (1998). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. ASTRONOMY: Cosmic Motion Revealed». Science. 282 (5397): 2156–2157. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.2156G. doi:10.1126/science.282.5397.2156a

[24] Gretchen Vogel (1999). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Capturing the Promise of Youth». Science. 286 (5448): 2238–2239. PMID 10636772. doi:10.1126/science.286.5448.2238

[25] Elizabeth Pennisi (2000). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Genomics Comes of Age». Science. 290 (5500): 2220–2221. PMID 11188701. doi:10.1126/science.290.5500.2220

[26] Robert F. Service (2001). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Molecules Get Wired». Science. 294 (5551): 2442–2443. PMID 11752536. doi:10.1126/science.294.5551.2442

[27] Jennifer Couzin (2002). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Small RNAs Make Big Splash». Science. 298 (5602): 2296–2297. PMID 12493875. doi:10.1126/science.298.5602.2296

[28] Charles Seife (2003). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Illuminating the Dark Universe». Science. 302 (5653): 2038–2039. PMID 14684787. doi:10.1126/science.302.5653.2038

[29] Richard A. Kerr (2004). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. On Mars, a Second Chance for Life». Science. 306 (5704): 2010–2012. PMID 15604365. doi:10.1126/science.306.5704.2010

[30] Elizabeth Culotta, Elizabeth Pennisi (2005). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Evolution in Action». Science. 310 (5756): 1878–1879. PMID 16373538. doi:10.1126/science.310.5756.1878

[31] Dana Mackenzie (2006). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. The Poincaré Conjecture—Proved». Science. 314 (5807): 1848–1849. PMID 17185565. doi:10.1126/science.314.5807.1848

[32] Elizabeth Pennisi (2007). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Human Genetic Variation». Science. 318 (5858): 1842–1843. PMID 18096770. doi:10.1126/science.318.5858.1842

[33] Gretchen Vogel (2008). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Reprogramming Cells». Science. 322 (5909): 1766–1767. PMID 19095902. doi:10.1126/science.322.5909.1766

[34] Ann Gibbons (2009). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Ardipithecus ramidus». Science. 326 (5960): 1598–1599. Bibcode:2009Sci...326.1598G. doi:10.1126/science.326.5960.1598-a

[35] Adrian Cho (2010). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. The First Quantum Machine». Science. 330 (6011). 1604 páginas. Bibcode:2010Sci...330.1604C. doi:10.1126/science.330.6011.1604

[36] Jon Cohen (2011). «BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. HIV Treatment as Prevention». Science. 334 (6063). 1628 páginas. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1628C. PMID 22194547. doi:10.1126/science.334.6063.1628

[37] «Breakthrough of the Year, 2012». Science

[38] Jenifer Couzin-Franken (20 de dezembro de 2013). «Cancer Immunotherapy». Science. Consultado em 22 de dezembro de 2013

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