Lista das universidades mais antigas do mundo: diferenças entre revisões

| [[Universidade de Karueein]] || align="left" |{{MARb}} [[Fez]] || align="left" | [[Marrocos]] || align="center" | 859<small><br/>(disputado)</small> || Ao contrário de uma madrassa, a Universidade de Al-Karaouine dispensa uma educação geral. Reconhecida como a mais antiga universidade do mundo pelo, Guinness, [[UNESCO]] e alguns especialistas<ref name=EB>{{cite web|title=Qarawiyin|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/485494/Qarawiyin|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=8 December 2011}}</ref><ref name=oxford>The Report: Morocco 2009 - Page 252 Oxford Business Group "... yet for many Morocco's cultural, artistic and spiritual capital remains Fez. The best-preserved ... School has been in session at Karaouine University since 859, making it the world's oldest continuously operating university. "</ref><ref name="founding">{{cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |authorlink=John L. Esposito |coauthors= |editor= |others= |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |origdate= |origyear= |origmonth= |url= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |date= |year=2003 |month= |publisher=Oxford University Press |location= |language= |isbn=0-1951-2559-2 |oclc= |doi= |id= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote=|page=328 }}</ref><ref>''Illustrated Dictionary of the Muslim World'', Publisher: Marshall Cavendish, 2010 [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8Zp_5IydPGgC&pg=PA161#v=onepage&q&f=false] p.161</ref><ref>''Hidden Giants'', 2nd Edition, by Sethanne Howard, Publisher: Lulu.com 2008 [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5yKGa8WLirkC&pg=PA60#v=onepage&q&f=false] p.60</ref><ref>''Civilization: The West and the Rest'' by Niall Ferguson, Publisher: Allen Lane 2011 - ISBN 9781846142734</ref><ref>''The marketisation of higher education and the student as consumer'' by Mike Molesworth & Richard Scullion, Publisher: Taylor & Francis 2010 [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=u457urHK09YC&pg=PA26#v=onepage&q&f=false] p.26</ref><ref>''Frommer's Morocco'' by Darren Humphrys, Publisher: John Wiley & Sons 2010 [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OfcnGQxF42wC&pg=PA223#v=onepage&q&f=false] p.223</ref>, mas isso não é um consenso. Alguns historiadores, como [[:en:Abu al-Hasan Ali al-Jaznai|Al-Jaznai]]<ref>Al-Jaznaï, Zahrat al-Âs, trad. Alfred Bel, Publ. Faculté des lettres d’Alger, F59, 1923, p.7</ref> (seculo XIV) e [[:en:Évariste Lévi-Provençal|Lévi-Provençal]]<ref>Évariste Lévi-Provençal, Les historiens des Chorfas suivi de La fondation de Fès, Maisonneuve, Paris, 2001.</ref> (seculo XX), indicam que se tornou uma universidade no seculo XIII. Outros especialistas<ref>Rüegg, Walter: "Foreword. The University as a European Institution", in: Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Universities in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-521-36105-2, pp. XIX–XX</ref><ref>Verger, Jacques: "Patterns", in: Ridder-Symoens, Hilde de (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Universities in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0-521-54113-8, pp. 35–76</ref><ref>Makdisi, George: "Madrasa and University in the Middle Ages", Studia Islamica, No. 32 (1970), pp. 255–264 </ref>, enquanto que a universidade é um conceito cristão europeu, não vê-lo como uma universidade antes do século XX.