Queimadura solar: diferenças entre revisões

{{Tradução}}

Uma '''queimadura solar''' é uma [[queimadura]] na [[pele]] produzida pela superexposição à radiação [[ultravioleta]] (UV), geralmente dos raios solares. Uma queimadura semelhante pode ser produzida por uma superexposição a outras fontes de [[UV]] como lâmpadas de bronzeamento, ou occupationally, such as from [[welding]] arcs. A exposição da pele a quantidades cada vezes menores de UV frequentemente produz um [[bronzeamento solar]]. Os sintomas usuais são pele avermelhada e quente ao toque, um sentimento de a washed out feeling, and mild dizziness.

 

 

==Desenvolvimento e conseqüências==

Typically there is initial redness ([[erythema]]), followed by varying degrees of pain, both proportional in severity to the duration and intensity of exposure. The condition occurs when incident UV radiation exceeds the protective capacity of [[melanin]] in the skin. Concentrations of this pigment vary greatly among individuals, but in general, darker-skinned people have more melanin than those with lighter skin. Correspondingly, the incidence of sunburn among dark-skinned individuals is lower.

UV radiation is divided into the UVA (380–315 nm), UVB (315–280 nm) and UVC (280-180 nm) sub-bands. [[Ozone]] in the [[Earth's atmosphere]] filters out a portion of this before it reaches the planet's surface. UVC is almost entirely eliminated by the atmosphere, but enough UVA and UVB penetrates it in large enough quantities that sunburn can occur in less than 15 minutes. Nevertheless, the inflicted harm is often not immediately obvious.

 

After the exposure, skin may turn red in 2 to 6 hours. Pain is usually most extreme 6 to 48 hours after exposure. The burn continues to develop for 24 to 72 hours occasionally followed by peeling skin in 3 to 8 days. Some peeling and itching may continue for several weeks.

# erythemal activity - the specific effect of different wavelengths of [[radiation]] on the [[skin]]

# [[solar irradiance]] - how much of any solar radiation wavelength can be expected to be incident on the surface of the [[earth]]

 

The resulting erythemal [[irradiance]] metric is calculated by weighting measurements of solar irradiance with experimental measurements of erythemal activity. When this product is graphed, there is a peak at 308 nm.

 

==Aumento do risco==

O risco de queimadura solar aumenta com a proximidade ao equador terrestre.<ref name="WebMD2">{{cite web|url=http://www.webmd.com/hw/skin_and_beauty/hw82391.asp?pagenumber=2|title=Sunburn -- Topic Overview|accessmonthday=August 26|accessyear=2006|author=Healthwise Incorporated|date=[[January 9]], [[2006]]|}}</ref> Também pode ser aumentado por produtos [[farmacêutico]]s que tornam alguns usuários mais sensíveis à radiação UV. Certos [[antibiótico]]s, [[contraceptivo]]s e [[tranquilizante]]s têm este efeito.<ref name="factsheet">{{cite web|url=http://www.fact-sheets.com/health/avoiding_sun_damage/|title=Avoiding Sun-Related Skin Damage|accessmonthday=August 26|accessyear=2006|publisher=FactSheets.com}}</ref> People with red hair and/or freckles generally have a greater risk of sunburn than others because of their lighter skin tone.<ref name="WebMD2" />

 

==Proteção==

===Pele===

It is advisable to consult a [[UV index]] to determine what level of protection is necessary. Potential forms of protection include wearing long-sleeved garments and wide-brimmed [[hat]]s, and using an [[umbrella]] when in the sun. Minimization of sun exposure between the hours of 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. is also recommended.