Cinco preceitos (budismo): diferenças entre revisões
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=== Regras de formação em páli ===
A seguir, estão os ''cinco preceitos'' (pañca-sikkhapada)<ref>Como indicado na tradução abaixo,''Sikkhapada'' também é traduzido como "formação da regra" (e.g., [http://www.bhavanasociety.org/resource/taking_the_eight_lifetme_precepts/ Gunaratana, 2007)] and "regra de treinamento" (e.g., Harvey, 2007, p. 199; and, [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/khantipalo/wheel206.html#precepts Khantipalo, 1982/95).]</ref> ou ''cinco virtudes'' (pañca-sila) nos idiomas [[língua portuguesa|português]] e [[páli]]:<ref name="bodhimonastery">{{
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Para mais informações sobre o primeiro preceito, ver ''[[ahimsa]]''. No quinto preceito, ''sura'', ''meraya'' e ''majja'' são os tipos de [[Bebida alcoólica|bebidas alcoólicas]]. Em algumas [[Tradução|traduções]] modernas, ''Surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā'', torna-se mais amplo e abrange formas variadas, como: ''bebidas alcoólicas'', ''drogas'', entre outros.
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===Elaboration===
In the [[Pali Canon]], the following typifies elaborations that frequently accompany these identified training rules:<ref name="cunda kammaraputta sutta">{{
[[Anguttara Nikaya|AN]] 10.176 [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an10/an10.176.than.html (Thanissaro, 1997b).]</ref>
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{{cquote|... There is the case where a certain person, abandoning false speech, abstains from false speech. When he has been called to a town meeting, a group meeting, a gathering of his relatives, his guild, or of the royalty, if he is asked as a witness, "Come & tell, good man, what you know": If he doesn't know, he says, "I don't know." If he does know, he says, "I know." If he hasn't seen, he says, "I haven't seen." If he has seen, he says, "I have seen." Thus he doesn't consciously tell a lie for his own sake, for the sake of another, or for the sake of any reward. Abandoning false speech, he abstains from false speech.}}
According to the Buddha, killing, stealing, sexual misconduct and lying are never skillful.<ref name="sammaditthi sutta">{{
===Motivation===
In the [[Pali Canon]], the Buddha describes the Five Precepts as gifts toward oneself and others:<ref name="abhisanda sutta">{{
{{cquote|..."Now, there are these five gifts, five great gifts — original, long-standing, traditional, ancient, unadulterated, unadulterated from the beginning — that are not open to suspicion, will never be open to suspicion, and are unfaulted by knowledgeable contemplatives & priests. Which five?
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Simp. Chinese: {{ruby-zh-p|如|Rú}} {{ruby-zh-p|诸|zhū}} {{ruby-zh-p|佛|Fó}} {{ruby-zh-p|尽|jìn}} {{ruby-zh-p|寿|shòu}} {{ruby-zh-p|不|bù}} {{ruby-zh-p|妄|wàng}} {{ruby-zh-p|语|yǔ}}, {{ruby-zh-p|我|Wǒ}} {{ruby-zh-p|某|mŏu}} {{ruby-zh-p|甲|jiǎ}} {{ruby-zh-p|亦|yì}} {{ruby-zh-p|盡|jìn}} {{ruby-zh-p|寿|shòu}} {{ruby-zh-p|不|bù}} {{ruby-zh-p|妄|wàng}} {{ruby-zh-p|语|yǔ}}
Trad. Chinese: 如諸佛盡壽不妄語，我某甲亦盡壽不妄語
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The same treatise outlines the option of undertaking fewer than all five precepts,<ref>http://www.cbeta.org/result/normal/X60/1129_002.htm starting on line 0682c05(07)</ref> though nearly all modern ceremonies involve undertaking all five precepts. Certainly, committing more skillful and fewer unskillful actions is beneficial. But before entering nirvana, the Buddha said his disciples should take the precepts as their teacher,<ref>http://www.cbeta.org/result/normal/X75/1509_002.htm, line p0019a07(06)</ref> so few ceremonies are held for partial precept undertaking. There are exceptions, however.<ref>http://www.azbt.us/English/Dharma%20Ocean/Teaching%20Records/dharma_rain.htm</ref><ref>http://www.dharmasite.net/</ref><ref>http://72.14.235.132/search?q=cache:EN-4Jg5pelwJ:www.amitabha-mba.org/jt/c/huixun/July07.pdf+%22five+precepts%22+%22four+precepts%22+%22three+precepts%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=10</ref>
In concise terms, the late [[Chan_Buddhism|Chan]] master, [[Yin Shun|Yin-Shun]], listed the Five Precepts simply as (translation by Wing H. Yeung, M.D.):<ref name="yinshun">{{
# "Do not kill." (Unintentional killing is considered less offensive)
# "Do not steal." (Including misappropriating someone's property)
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The '''Eight Precepts''' are the [[precept]]s for [[Buddhist]] lay men and women who wish to practice a bit more strictly than the usual [[five precepts]] for Buddhists. The eight precepts focus both on avoiding morally bad behaviour, as do the five precepts, and on leading a more ascetic lifestyle.
In [[Theravada]] Buddhist countries such as [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Thailand]], [[Householder (Buddhism)|Buddhist laymen and laywomen]] will often{{
The [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]] gave teachings on how the eight precepts are to be practiced,<ref>Anguttara Nikaya 8.43</ref> and on the right and wrong ways of practicing the eight precepts.<ref>Anguttara Nikaya 3.70</ref>
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{{referências}}
==
*Bullitt, John T. (2005). ''[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/pancasila.html The Five Precepts: Pañca-sila]''. Os cinco preceitos no Access to Insight website.
*[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/dhamma/sila/atthasila.html Os oito preceitos] no Access to Insight website
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