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{{em tradução|:en:Jerzy Neyman}}
{{Info/Cientista
|nome =Jerzy Neyman
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|data_morte ={{falecimento e idademorte|5|8|1981|16|4|1894|lang=br}}
|local_morte =[[Oakland (CalifórniujiaCalifórnia)|Oakland]]<br, />{{US-CA}}<br />{{USA}}[[Califórnia]]
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|premio ={{nowrap|[[Medalha Nacional de Ciências|Medalha Nacional de Ciências]] (1968)]]}}, {{nowrap|[[Medalha Guy|Medalha Guy]] (1966)]]}}
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'''Jerzy Spława-Neyman''' ([[Tighina (município)|Tighina]], [[16 de abril]] de [[1894]] — [[Oakland (Califórnia)|Oakland]], [[5 de agosto]] de [[1981]]) foi um [[Matemática|matemático]] [[PolóniaPoloneses|polacopolonês]]-[[Povo dos Estados Unidos|estadunidense]].
 
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He was born into a [[Poles|Polish]] family in [[Bendery]], [[Bessarabia]] in [[Imperial Russia]], the fourth of four children of Czesław Spława-Neyman and Kazimiera Lutosławska. His family was [[Roman Catholic]] and Neyman served as an altar boy during his early childhood. Later, Neyman would become an agnostic. Neyman's family descended from a long line of Polish nobles and military heroes. He graduated from the [[Kamianets-Podilskyi]] gubernial gymnasium for boys in 1909 under the name ''Yuri Cheslavovich Neyman''.<ref>[http://zhurnal.lib.ru/k/kitlinskij_a_a/gimnazij.shtml Выпускники Каменец-Подольской гимназии 1883-1920]</ref> He began studies at [[Kharkov University]] in 1912, where he was taught by Russian probabilist [[Sergei Natanovich Bernstein]]. After he read 'Lessons on the integration and the research of the primitive functions' by [[Henri Lebesgue]], he was fascinated with measure and integration.
 
In 1921 he returned to Poland in a program of repatriation of [[POW]]s after the [[Polish-Soviet War]].
He earned his Doctor of Philosophy degree at [[University of Warsaw]] in 1924. He was examined by [[Wacław Sierpiński]] and [[Stefan Mazurkiewicz]], among others. He spent a couple of years in London and Paris on a fellowship to study [[statistics]] with [[Karl Pearson]] and [[Émile Borel]]. After his return to Poland he established the Biometric Laboratory at the [[Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology]] in Warsaw.
 
He published many books dealing with experiments and statistics, and devised the way which the [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] tests medicines today.
 
Neyman proposed and studied randomized experiments in 1923.<ref>
*Neyman, Jerzy. 1923 [1990]. “On the Application of Probability Theory to AgriculturalExperiments. Essay on Principles. Section 9.” ''Statistical Science'' 5 (4): 465–472. Trans. Dorota M. Dabrowska and Terence P. Speed.
</ref> His paper "On the Two Different Aspects of the Representative Method: The Method of [[Stratified Sampling]] and the Method of [[Purposive Selection]]" given at the [[Royal Statistical Society]] on 19 June 1934 was the groundbreaking event leading to modern scientific sampling. He introduced the [[confidence interval]] in his paper in 1937<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Neyman | first1=Jerzy | title=Outline of a Theory of Statistical Estimation Based on the Classical Theory of Probability | year=1937 | month=30 | journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences | volume=236 | issue=767 | pages=333–380| url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4614%2819370830%29236%3A767%3C333%3AOOATOS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-6 | doi=10.1098/rsta.1937.0005 | postscript=}}</ref>. Another noted contribution is the [[Neyman-Pearson lemma]].
 
In 1938 he moved to Berkeley, where he worked for the rest of his life. Thirty-nine students received their Ph.D's under his advisorship. In 1966 he was awarded the [[Guy Medal]] of the [[Royal Statistical Society]] and three years later the (American) Medal of Science. He died in [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], [[California]].
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [[Ronald A. Fisher|Fisher, Ronald]] "Statistical methods and scientific induction" ''J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B.'' 17 (1955), 69--78. (criticism of statistical theories of [[Jerzy Neyman]] and [[Abraham Wald]])
* {{cite article|
title=Note on an Article by Sir Ronald Fisher
|authorlink=Jerzy Neyman
|first=Jerzy
|last=Neyman
|journal=[[Journal of the Royal Statistical Society]]. Series B (Methodological)
|volume=18
|number=2
|year=1956
|pages=288–294
|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2983716}} {{jstor|2983716}} (reply to Fisher 1955)
* Reid, Constance, ''Jerzy Neyman&mdash;From Life'', Springer Verlag, (1982), ISBN 0387907475
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