Spray: diferenças entre revisões
Conteúdo apagado Conteúdo adicionado
moveu Spray para Spray (desambiguação) |
|||
Linha 1:
[[Image:Aerosol.png|thumb|right|250px|Aerosol spray can]]
'''Spray''' é um equipamento de emissão de tinta [[atomização|atomizada]] onde sob [[pressão]], o compartimento emite tinta misturada com o gás (ou ar), dando possibilidade de pintura com diversos efeitos como [[esfuminho]], [[degradê]]s, entre outros. A tinta ao misturar-se com o gás, torna-se em micro particulas. Quando o pino superior é pressionado, o liquído sobre pressão é liberado de forma pulverizada. Diversos produtos fazem uso desse sistema, entre eles, [[desodorante]], [[tinta]]s, [[inseticida]]s, [[buzina]]s, objetos de diversões como spray de [[espuma]], fluído de [[isqueiro]]s entre outros.
== Spray de tinta ==
Spary de tintas foram criados na década de 1970<ref> {{en}} [http://www.patent-invent.com/aerosol_can_patent.html Patentes]</ref> para uso em pinturas singulares, o que mais tarde foi utilizado por [[pixação|pixadores]] e [[grafite (arte)|grafiteiro]]s.
=== Restrições a venda ===
{{global/Brasil}}
A venda de [[tinta]]s em embalagens [[aerossol]], conhecido como ''[[spray]]'' foi proíbida em [[26 de maio]]de [[2011]] para [[menoridade|menores]] de 18 anos de. A nova legislação sobre a venda desse material foi definida pela 12.408, sancionada pela presidente [[Dilma Rousseff]] e publicada ontem no [[Diário Oficial]]na mesma data. Para compras em território nacional, Será necessário apresentar documento comprovando ser maior de 18 anos. Comerciantes terão, ainda, que colocar a identidade do comprador na nota fiscal. As embalagens das tintas virão com o aviso: “''Pichação é crime''”. O [[grafite (arte)|grafite]], no entanto é permitido. Foi realizada uma alteração em uma lei de 1998, que agora determina que “a prática do grafite realizada com o objetivo de valorizar o patrimônio público e privado mediante manifestação[[arte|artística]]” com autorização do proprietário é [[legalidade|legal]].
<!---
== History ==
[[Image:Aerosol 1943.jpg|thumb|The aerosol('''A gaseous suspension of fine solid or liquid particles''') spray canister invented by [[USDA]] researchers, Lyle Goodloe and William Sullivan.]]
The concepts of aerosol probably goes as far back as 1790.<ref name= Bellis>Bellis, Mary [http://inventors.about.com/od/astartinventions/a/aerosol.htm The History of Aerosol Spray Cans]</ref> The first aerosol spray can was invented in [[Oslo]] on November 23, 1926 by [[Erik Rotheim]], a [[Norway|Norwegian]] chemical engineer.<ref name= Bellis/> The patent was sold to a US company for 100,000 [[Norwegian krone]]r.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/viten/article492297.ece|title=Sprayboksens far er norsk|last=Kvilesjø|first=Svend Ole|date=17 February 2003|work=Aftenposten|language=Norwegian|accessdate=6 February 2009}}</ref> The Norwegian Post Office celebrated the invention by issuing a stamp in 1998.
In 1939, American Julian S. Kahn received a patent for a disposable spray can,<ref>Carlisle, Rodney (2004). ''Scientific American Inventions and Discoveries'', p.402. John Wiley & Songs, Inc., New Jersey. ISBN 0-471-24410-4.</ref> but the product remained largely undeveloped. It was not until 1941 that the aerosol spray can was first put to good use by [[United States|Americans]] Lyle Goodhue and William Sullivan, who are credited as the inventors of the modern spray can.<ref name=McGrath>{{cite book |author=Kimberley A. McGrath (Editor), Bridget E. Travers (Editor) |title=World of Invention "Summary"| url= http://www.bookrags.com/research/aerosol-spray-woi/ |publisher=Thomson Gale |location=Detroit|year= |pages= |isbn=0-7876-2759-3 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> Their design of a refillable spray can dubbed the “bug bomb”, was patented in 1943, and is the ancestor of many popular commercial spray products. Pressurized by liquefied gas, which gave it propellant qualities, the small, portable can enabled soldiers to defend against [[malaria]]-carrying [[Anopheles|mosquitoes]] by spraying inside [[tent]]s in the [[Pacific War|Pacific]] during [[World War II]].<ref>Core, Jim, Rosalie Marion Bliss, and Alfredo Flores. (September 2005) [http://ars.usda.gov/is/ar/archive/sep05/vector0905.htm?pf=1 "ARS Partners With Defense Department To Protect Troops From Insect Vectors"]. ''Agricultural Research Magazine''Vol. 53, No. 9 .</ref> In 1948, three companies were granted licenses by the United States government to manufacture aerosols. Two of the three companies still manufacture aerosols to this day, Chase Products Company and Claire Manufacturing. The "crimp-on valve", used to control the spray was developed in 1949 by [[Bronx]] machine shop proprietor [[Robert Abplanalp|Robert H. Abplanalp]].<ref name=McGrath/>
== Aerosol propellants ==
If aerosol cans were simply filled with [[compressed gas]], it would either need to be at a dangerously high pressure and require special [[pressure vessel]] design (like in [[gas cylinder]]s), or the amount of gas in the can would be small, and would rapidly deplete. Usually the gas is the [[vapor]] of a liquid with [[boiling point]] slightly lower than [[room temperature]]. This means that inside the pressurized can, the vapor can exist in [[thermodynamic equilibrium|equilibrium]] with its bulk liquid at a pressure that is higher than [[atmospheric pressure]] (and able to expel the payload), but not dangerously high. As gas escapes, it is immediately replaced by evaporating liquid. Since the propellant exists in liquid form in the can, it should be [[miscible]] with the payload or dissolved in the payload. In [[gas duster]]s, the propellant itself acts as the payload.
[[Chlorofluorocarbon]]s (CFCs) were once often used, but since the [[Montreal Protocol]] came into force in 1989, they have been replaced in nearly every country due to the negative effects CFCs have on Earth's [[ozone layer]]. The most common replacements are mixtures of volatile [[hydrocarbon]]s, typically [[propane]], n-[[butane]] and [[isobutane]]. [[Dimethyl ether]] (DME) and [[methyl ethyl ether]] are also used. All these have the disadvantage of being [[flammable]]. [[Nitrous oxide]] and [[carbon dioxide]] are also used as propellants to deliver foodstuffs (for example, [[whipped cream]] and [[cooking spray]]). Medicinal aerosols such as [[asthma inhaler]]s use [[hydrofluoroalkanes]] (HFA): either [[HFA 134a]] (1,1,1,2,-tetrafluoroethane) or [[HFA 227]] (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane) or combinations of the two. Manual pump sprays can be used as an alternative to a stored propellant. A UK company has developed a patented technology to generate more finely dispersed mists by using a disc of superhydrophobic material within the manual pump. <ref> <nowiki> "42T revolutionises aerosol production process" </nowiki>. ''Business Weekly'', 3 Feb 2011. page 16. Also [http://www.businessweekly.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=38000]. Checked 11 Feb 2011.</ref>
==Packaging==
[[Image:Aerosol tops 6.svg|thumb|223px|A typical paint valve system will have a "[[Gender of connectors and fasteners|female]]" valve, the stem being part of the top actuator. The valve can be preassembled with the valve cup and insta can as one piece, prior to pressure-filling. The actuator is added later.]]
[[Image:Ventiltechnik.jpg|thumb|223px|A different drawing of the spray valve assembly]]
Modern aerosol spray products have three major parts; the can, the valve and the actuator or button. The can is most commonly lacquered [[tinplate]] (steel with a layer of tin) and may be made of two or three pieces of metal [[crimp (joining)|crimped]] together. [[Aluminium]] cans are also common and are generally used for more expensive products. The valve is crimped to the rig of the can, and the design of this component is important in determining the spray rate. The actuator is depressed by the user to open the valve; the shape and size of the nozzle in the actuator controls the spread of the aerosol spray.
Packaging that uses a piston barrier system is often used for highly [[viscous]] products such as post-foaming [[hair gel]]s, thick [[cream (pharmaceutical)|cream]]s and [[lotion]]s, [[spread (food)|food spreads]] and industrial products and [[sealant]]s. The main benefit of the piston barrier system is that is assures separation of the product from the propellant, maintaining the purity and integrity of the formulation throughout its consumer lifespan. The piston barrier system also provides a controlled and uniform product discharge rate with minimal product retention and is economical.
Another type of dispensing system is the bag-in-can system (or BOV “bag on valve”). This system separates the product from the pressurizing agent with a hermetically sealed, multi-layered laminated pouch, which maintains complete formulation integrity so only pure product is dispensed. Among its many benefits, the bag-in-can system extends a product’s shelf life. The bag-on-valve, or ABS, is widely used by [[sunscreen|sun care]] marketers for its benefits: all-attitude (360-degree) dispensing, quiet and non-chilling discharge. This bag-in-can system is also used in the packaging of pharmaceutical, industrial, household, pet care and other products that require complete separation between the product and the propellant.
A new development is the 2K (two component) aerosol. A 2K aerosol device has main component stored in main chamber and a second component stored in an accessory container. When applicator activates the 2K aerosol by breaking the accessory container, the two components mix. The 2K aerosol can has the advantage for delivery of reactive mixtures. For example, 2K reactive mixture can use low [[molecular weight]] [[monomer]], [[oligomer]], and [[Functional group|functionalized]] low molecular [[polymer]] to make final [[cross-linked]] high molecular weight polymer. 2K aerosol can increase solid contents and deliver high performance polymer products, such as [[curing (chemistry)|curable]] [[paint]]s, [[foam]]s, and [[adhesive]]s.
==Health concerns==
[[Image:canned-air.jpg|thumb|[[Canned air]] / spray dusters are dangerous to inhale. They do not use compressed air, but rather other inert gases.]]
There are two main areas of health concern linked to aerosol cans:
* Deliberate [[inhalant|inhalation]] of the contents to gain a [[Substance intoxication|high]] from the propellant. Also known as "[[huffing]]".
* The piggy-backing of more dangerous particles into the respiratory tracts
-->
=={{Ver também}}==
* [[Aerografia]]
* [[Graffiti]]
{{Referências}}
=={{Ligações externas}} ==
* {{en}} [http://www.aerosolproducts.org/ CAPCO (www.aerosolproducts.org) Associação dedicada a levantar informações sobre os sistemas aerosóis.]
[[Categoria:Ferramentas]]
[[Categoria:Materiais de arte]]
[[ca:Esprai]]
[[cs:Aerosolový rozprašovač]]
[[da:Spraydåse]]
[[de:Sprühdose]]
[[es:Pulverizador]]
[[eo:Sprajilo]]
[[fr:Spray aérosol]]
[[it:Bomboletta spray]]
[[he:תרסיס]]
[[hu:Spray]]
[[nl:Spuitbus]]
[[ja:スプレー]]
[[no:Sprayboks]]
[[pl:Spray]]
[[ru:Аэрозольный баллон]]
[[simple:Aerosol spray]]
[[sr:Аеросол-боца]]
[[fi:Suihkepullo]]
[[sv:Sprayburk]]
[[th:สเปรย์ละอองลอย]]
| |||