Humano: diferenças entre revisões
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Anos da evolução humana. Segundo novas pesquisas publicadas pela nature. |
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'''Humano''' ([[Taxonomia|taxonomicamente]] '''''Homo sapiens''''' <ref>{{citar periódico|autor =Goodman M, Tagle D, Fitch D, Bailey W, Czelusniak J, Koop B, Benson P, Slightom J |título=Primate evolution at the DNA level and a classification of hominoids |periódico=J Mol Evol |volume = 30 |número=3 |páginas=260–266 |ano=1990 |pmid=2109087 |doi=10.1007/BF02099995}}</ref><ref>{{citar web|título=Hominidae Classification |obra=Animal Diversity Web @ UMich |url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/classification/Hominidae.html |acessodata=2006-09-25}}</ref>), termo que deriva do [[latim]] "homem sábio" <ref>{{L&S|homo|hŏmo}}, {{L&S|sapiens|săpĭens}}, {{L&S|sapio|săpĭo|ref}}</ref>, ser humano, ser ''pessoa'', ''gente'' ou ''homem'', é a única espécie [[animal]] ainda viva do [[primata]] [[bípede]] do género ''[[Homo]]''.<ref>{{citar periódico|autor =Goodman, M., Tagle, D., Fitch, D., Bailey, W., Czelusniak, J., Koop, B., Benson, P., Slightom, J. |título=Primate evolution at the DNA level and a classification of hominoids |periódico=J Mol Evol |volume = 30 |número=3 |páginas=260–6 |ano=1990 |pmid=2109087 |doi=10.1007/BF02099995}}</ref><ref>{{Citar web|título=Hominidae Classification |obra=Animal Diversity Web @ UMich |url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/classification/Hominidae.html |acessodata=2006-09-25}}</ref> A espécie surgiu há cerca de
Os membros dessa espécie têm um [[Cérebro humano|cérebro]] [[Capacidade encefálica|altamente desenvolvido]], com inúmeras capacidades como o [[Abstração|raciocínio abstrato]], a [[linguagem]], a [[introspecção]] e a [[resolução de problemas]] complexos. Esta [[Inteligência|capacidade mental]], associada a um corpo ereto possibilitaram o uso dos [[braço]]s para manipular [[objeto]]s, fator que permitiu aos humanos a criação e a utilização de [[ferramenta]]s para alterar o [[Meio ambiente|ambiente]] à sua volta mais do que qualquer outra [[espécie]] de [[ser vivo]]. Outros processos de pensamento de alto nível, como a [[auto-consciência]], a [[racionalidade]] e a [[sapiência]],<ref name=mc2>''Dependent Rational Animals: Why Human Beings Need the Virtues'' By [[Alasdair MacIntyre]] pp. 60, "But this [language] is insufficient for human rationality, What is needed in addition is the ability to construct sentences that contain as constituents either the sentences use to express the judgment about which the agent is reflecting, or references to those sentences."</ref><ref name=mcd>[[John McDowell]], ''Mind and World'', 1994. p.115, Harvard University Press, (quoted in ''Dependent Rational Animals'', by Alasdair MacIntyre): "In mere animals, sentience is in the service of a mode of life that is structured exclusively by immediate biological imperatives" [..] "merely animal life is shaped by goals whose control of the animal's behavior at a given moment is an immediate outcome of biological forces"</ref><ref name="flanagan">''The Really Hard Problem:Meaning in a Material World'', [[Owen Flanagan]], MIT Press</ref> são considerados características que definem uma "[[Pessoa (biologia)|pessoa]]".<ref name=mc1>''Dependent Rational Animals: Why Human Beings Need the Virtues'' By [[Alasdair MacIntyre]] pp. 60, "Those who have wanted to draw a single sharp line between human and nonhuman animals have commonly laid emphasis upon the presence or absence of language as such, the ability to use and to respond to strings of syntactically ordered and semantically significant expressions whose utterance constitutes speech acts. But this is insufficient for human rationality. What is needed in addition.."</ref><ref name="mol">[http://www.duke.edu/~pk10/language/psych.htm Nature vs. Nurture: The Miracle of Language], by Malia Knezek. "What about the fact that other animals do not have similar language capabilities? [..] This obviously involves some innate difference between humans and other animals.. [..] ..other animals do not use any other form of language (i.e. sign language) even though they have the physiological capabilities." citing, [[Andy Clark]]. ''Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again''. The MIT Press, 1997. 208-209).</ref>
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