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== Importância do conde palatino na Europa medieval ==
=== ''Comesconde palatinus''palatino===
O título original era latino e pré-feudal. Originou-se com o título romano ''[[comesconde (Roma Antiga)|conde]]'', o qual era um título de alto nível de corte não hereditário, e a parte ''palatinus''palatino o adjetivo derivado de ''palatium'' ("palácio")
Porém, a partir da [[queda do Império Romano do Ocidente]], um novo tipo de título, conhecido simplesmente como "palatino" começou a desenvolver-se. Os reis dos [[francos]] da [[dinastia Merovíngia]] (480-750) empregavam um alto oficial, o ''comes palatinus'', que em princípio assitia o rei nos seus deveres jurídicos e mais tarde assumiu muitos desses deveres. Outras cortes palatinas foram empregadas em trabalhos militares e administrativos.
Na [[Reino Visigótico|Espanha visigótica]], o ofício palatino (''officium palatinum'') consistia de uma quantidade de homens da corte que gerenciavam vários departamentos da casa real. O conde dos cubiculários (''comes cubiculariorum'') supervisionava os camareiros, ''comes scanciorun'' supervisionava os cuidadores de louças, o conde dos estábulos (''comes stabulorum'') supervisionava os encarregados dos estábulos, etc. Os [[Reino Ostrogótico|reis ostrogodos]] que governaram a [[Península Itálica|Itália]] também mantiveram cortes palatinas com títulos come conde do patrimônio (''comes patrimonium''), que estavam a cargo do patrimônio do rei, e outras.
O sistema foi mantido pela [[dinastia carolíngia]] (750-1000). O capitulário de 882 e [[Hincmar]], arcebispo de Reims, escrevendo sobre a mesma época, testemunham sobre a extensão do trabalho judicial do Império Franco que passou em suas mãos.
Na Alta Idade Média, o título "conde" tornou-se crescentemente comum, ao ponto de que grandes magnatas que governavam regiões do tamanho de [[Duque|ducados]], e senhores de castelos locais puderam designar a si mesmos
como "condes". À medida em que grandes magnatas começaram a centralizar o poder sobre sus senhores locais de castelos, eles sentiram a necessidade de declarar a diferença entre eles e aqueles condes inferiores. Portanto, muitos desses magnatas começaram a estilizar-se "condes palatinos", significando grandes condes governando regiões equivalentes a ducados, tal como os [[Condado de Champanhe|condes paladinos de Champanhe]] no {{séc|XIII}}.
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===Related terms===
'''''Pfalzgraf''''' is an exclusively [[German language|German]] title (from the above Latin ''comes palatinus'' 'count of the palace'), rendered in English also (recorded since 1548) as ''palsgrave'' since [[medieval]] times for the permanent representative of the [[Franks|Frankish]] king, later of the [[Holy Roman Emperor]], in a [[Palace|palatial]] domain of the crown (''[[county palatine|pfalz]]''). ''Grafio'' is probably from the Greek ''grafein'' 'to write', hence 'scribe'; it plausibly comes via the Byzantine Greek ''grapheus'' or ''suggrapheus'' "he who calls a meeting, i.e. the court, together", which denoted a civil servant, rather than a feudal count. There were dozens of these royal ''Pfalzen'' throughout the Empire, and the monarch travelled between them. The empire had no real [[capital city|capital]]. This practice of a mobile, somewhat omnipresent king, thus also 'eating his taxes' (literally wining and dining), was common in early feudal Europe. Travel was often already required because of military considerations. The count responsible for these places was thus responsible for the palace during the king's absence.
In the empire the word count palatine was also used to designate the officials who assisted the emperor in exercising the rights which were reserved for his personal consideration, like granting [[coat of arms|arms]]. They were called [[Count Palatine (Imperial)|imperial counts palatine]] (in Latin ''comites palatini caesarii'', or ''comites sacri palatii''; in German, ''Hofpfalzgrafen''.
Both the Latin form ''(Comes) palatinus'' and the French ''(comte) palatin'' have been used as part of the full title of Dukes of Burgundy (a branch of the French royal dynasty) to render their rare German title [[Freigraf]], which was the style of a (later lost) bordering principality, the [[allodium|allodial]] countship of Burgundy (''Freigrafschaft Burgund'' in German) which came to be known as [[Franche-Comté]].
In early [[History of Poland (966–1385)|medieval Poland]] the Palatinus was next in rank to the King. As he is also the chief commander of the King's army the rank is merged with [[Voivode|Wojewoda]], with the latter replacing the title of Palatine. During the [[Fragmentation of Poland]] each Prince would have his own voivode. When some of these Principalities are reunited into the Kingdom of Poland the Palatines are infeudated with them as there is no local Prince anymore. Or rather on behalf of the King to whom all these princely titles returned. The Principalities are thus made Voivodships (sometimes translated as Palatinates). In the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] the Voivodes sit in the Senat. Throughout its history the dignity remained non-hereditary or semi-hereditary. Today voivodes are government officials.
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