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==História==
Foi fundado por [[Ivan Tsvetaev]], chefe do Departamento de Teoria e História da Arte da [[Universidade de Moscou]], que persuadiu o milionário [[Yuriy Nechaev-Maltsov]] e o [[arquiteto]] [[Roman Klein]] da necessidade de se criar um museu de belas artes em Moscou. A idéia já vinha há algum tempo sendo defendida por figuras importantes da nobreza e dos círculos acadêmicos, e finalmente começou a ser concretizada através da formação de um comitê, liderado pelo Grão-Duque Sergei Alexandrovich, que em [[1896]] lançou um concurso de arquitetura para elaboração de uma planta. A participação ativa e o entusiasmo do Grão-Duque no projeto do museu foram decisivos para que a iniciativa encontrasse respaldo da burocracia e da nobreza. O vencedor do concurso foi o mesmo Klein, e seu projeto seguia as exigências [[museologia|museológicas]] mais avançadas de sua época, ao mesmo tempo em que desenhou um edifício majestoso de feição [[neoclassicismo|neoclássica]] com interiores ricamente decorados que harmonizavam seu estilo ao das obras que continham, dos vários períodos da história da cultura.
[[Image:Pushinsmuseum1912.jpg|thumb|250px|O Museu pouco antes de sua inauguração]]
Logo começou a ser formado o futuro acervo, reunido desde o início segundo um projeto educativo, tendo em vista a formação artística e histórica dos jovens, sendo a primeira instituição deste tipo criada na Rússia. Foram encomendadas muitas cópias de estatuária clássica e adquiridas renomadas coleções de arte, como a do [[Egito]] pertencente ao [[egiptólogo]] Golenischev, e a de pintura italiana e de arte decorativa dos séculos XIII a XV do colecionador Tschekin. Sua inauguração aconteceu em [[31 de maio]] de [[1912]], estando a instituição subordinada à Universidade, tendo como primeiro diretor o mesmo Tsvetaev e levando o nome de [[Alexandre III da Rússia|Alexandre III]].
Sua inauguração aconteceu em [[31 de maio]] de [[1912]], estando a instituição subordinada à Universidade, tendo como primeiro diretor o mesmo Tsvetaev e levando o nome de [[Alexandre III da Rússia|Alexandre III]].
Depois que a capital da Rússia se transferiu para Moscou em [[1918]], o governo soviético dediciu trazer milhares de obras de arte do [[Museu Hermitage]] para a nova capital, embora parte delas tenha sido mais tarde levada para o [[Museu de Arte Nova do Ocidente]], incluindo telas [[impressionismo|impressionistas]] e [[pós-impressionismo|pós-impressionistas]], numa grande reorganização de coleções estatais que ocorreram na época. Entre [[1924]] e [[1930]] uma multiplicidade de novas obras foram incorporadas procedentes de espólios aristocráticos estatizados pelo governo, e outro tanto foi transferido de outros museus já instalados, como o Hermitage, a Galeria Tretyakov e os Museus do Kremlin, formando um núcleo de pintura antiga e outro lote proveio do Instituto de Estudos Clássicos do Oriente, com antigüidades da Mesopotâmia e do Oriente Próximo. Em [[1932]] ganhou independência da Universidade e em [[1937]] o poeta [[Pushkin]] foi homeageado emprestando seu nome ao museu, no centenário de sua morte.
[[Image:Angelo Bronzino 028.jpg|thumb|250px|Bronzino: ''Sagrada Família'']]
Durante a [[II Guerra Mundial]] suas coleções foram evacuadas para [[Novosibirsk]] e [[Solikamsk]], mas o prédio foi bombardeado. A reconstrução começou já em [[1944]], reinstalado as obras retornadas dos abrigos e voltando a oferecer seus programas educativos, além de reiniciar o projeto de escavações arqueológicas na [[Criméia]] e Taman que estava em desenvolvimento desde [[1927]]. Em [[1948]] foram adquiridas cerca de 300 pinturas e mais de 60 esculturas de mestres europeus e norteamericanos do fim do século XIX e início do séulo XX, uma grande seleção de obras gráficas e um arquivo dos colecionadores Sergei Shchukin e Ivan Morozov, expandindo o escopo do museu e obrigando a uma reorganização em sua estrutura departamental.
No período [[1949]]-[[1953]] o acervo foi retirado de exposição, cedendo espaço para uma enorme mostra de ''Presentes ofertados a Joseph Stalin pelos povos da URSS e países estrangeiros''. Depois da era [[Stalin]] terminar o museu reiniciou suas mostras de acervo, expondo obras-primas da Galeria de Pintura de [[Dresden]], trazidas pelo [[Exército Vermelho]] durante a guerra e completamente restauradas pelos técnicos do Museu Pushkin.
Desde [[1981]], por iniciativa de [[Sviatoslav Richter]], e com sua participação, o museu mantém anualmente o festival de música ''Noites de Dezembro de Svyatoslav Richter'', e emEm [[1983]] foi criado um novo departamento para ''Coleções Privadas'', instalado em uma mansão setecentista anexa ao prédio do museu e adaptada para este fim. Em [[1991]] o museu foi declarado "instituição de importância cultural particularmente valiosa para a Federação Russa" pela riqueza e extensão de seu acervo e suas atividades artísticas e educativas. Outro departamento foi fundado em [[1996]] para administrar os assuntos educacionais, funcionando no complexo da Universidade Estatal de Ciências Humanas, onde se expôs algumas réplicas de estatuária antiga que não encontravam espaço na sede principal.
==Coleções==
Atualmente o Museu Pushkin preserva em acervo mais de 500 mil obras de arte, entre [[pintura]]s, [[escultura]]s, [[gravura]]s, [[desenho]]s, [[artes decorativas]], [[arqueologia]], [[fotografia]] e [[numismática]]. Também possui um Arquivo Documental com papéis científicos, históricos e epistolares.
===Arte do Antigo Egito===
Esta seção começou a ser formada com a aquisição entre [[1902]] e [[1911]] da coleção do acadêmico russo V. S. Golenischev, com mais de 6 mil objetos, e mais tarde com as doações de A. V. Zivago e A. V. Prakhov. Com peças de grande importância como uma célebre reunião de [[retrato]]s de [[Faioun]], ilustrativos da [[arte helenística]] no Egito, suas peças abrangem um período de mais de 4 mil anos, desde a era pré-dinástica até a [[copta]].
===Arte da Antigüidade Clássica===
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1. The Art of Ancient Egypt.
The collection of Ancient Egypt includes the unique collection of original artworks assembled by the famous Russian scholar V.S.Golenischev (over 6000 objects) and received by the Museum from the State in 1909-1911. Further on the Museum got some private collections of A.V.Zivago (in 1940 according to his bequest) and of the art historian A.V.Prakhov (bought by the Museum from his son in 1940).
The collection of Ancient Egyptian art is exceptionally ample. It includes all periods of cultural development in Egypt beginning with Predynastic (IV millenium B.C.) up to the Coptic time (IV-VII A.D.). Outstanding items in the display belong to the New Kingdom (XVII-XII B.C.), they are marked with a high quality of craftsmanship. World famous is a collection of so called Faiyum portraits (I-III A.D.) that demonstrate a synthesis of ancient Egyptian and Hellenistic-Roman traditions.
2. The Art of Antiquity.
The collection of antique art includes a great number of original works — over one thousand of vessels, small plastic art, sculptures. The first art works were turned from the Cabinet of Fine Arts and Antiquities of the University of Moscow. The magnificent Ancient Greek ceramics were transferred in 1920th from the History Museum and Museum of Ceramics, Tretjakov Gallery, Rumjantsev Museum. A constant source of replenishing the antiquities collection has been Museum's expeditions to the Northern Black sea Area. Excavations in the ancient cities of Pantikapae, Phanagoria and Scithian Naples have provided the Museum with thousands of excellent articles of monumental art, ceramics, jewelry, coins.
THE PICTURE GALLERY
The most important among other departments of the Museum is the collection of painting. Its official opening took place on October 10 1924 although the first original paintings were turned as gifts by M.S.Shchekin, the Russian Consul in Trieste before the opening of the Museum. After 1924 the Museum got regular donations from Moscow and Petersburg collections. The art gallery came into possession of works by foreign artist from the former Rumyantsev Museum and the collection of S.M.Tretyakov, the Yusupovs, the Shuvalovs G.A.Brokard, D.J.Shchukin and other collectors. Particularly important were donations from the Hermitage. The collection finally acquired its present form in 1948 with the arrival of magnificent works by French Artists of the second half of the XIX and beginning of the XX centuries from the former Museum of the New Western Art in Moscow.
1. Art of the VIII-XVI centuries.
The earliest items of the collection should be considered the works of Byzantine Art — mosaics and icons. The early phase of development of the Western European painting is marked by rather small but very important collection of "Italian primitives". The Museum possesses a rich collection of works by masters of Italian Renaissance such as Sassetta, Perugino, Botticelli, Bronzino, Veronese. A good number of first-rate works showing diversity of artistic search merged with existent artistic traditions is characteristic of the collection of the German and Netherlands painting of the XV-XVI centuries. Works by Lucas Cranach the Elder are considered to be masterpieces of this collection, the artist being one of the most famous masters of the Northern Renaissance.
2. European Painting of the XVII-XVIII centuries.
Оne of the largest divisions of the Museum's Picture Gallery presents painting of the XVII — XVIII centuries. The leading artistic schools of this period — those of Netherlands, Flandres, Italy, Spain, France — make a representative and rich collection. On display are works by Rembrandt, Ruisdael, Rubens and Jordaens, Canaletto and Guardi, Zurbaran and Murillo, Poussin and Boucher.
European Painting of the Early and Mid — XIX Century
The first half of the XIX century was marked in Europe by a great variety of artistic trends. While classicism still held its ground, romanticism and realism were shaping up. The great French romantic masters — Gericault and Delacroix — are represented here by small yet characteristic works. The Museum also has excellent works by the reformers of the European landscape painting — Constable, Corot, and the Barbizon school, as well as some works by Courbet, Millet, and Friedrich, many of them from the collection of S.M.Tretyakov.
4. Painting of the Late XIX — Early XX Centuries.
The unique collection of French painting of the late XIX — early XX centuries possessed by the Museum is world-renowned. After Moscow's former Museum of the New Western Art was closed down in 1948 its collection was divided between the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts (Moscow) and the Hermitage (St.Petersburg, then Leningrad). Originally it had been made up of two excellent private collections assembled about the turn of the century by S.I.Shchukin and I.A.Morozov. Thus the Pushkin Museum was enriched with paintings of rare artistic value including masterpieces by Monet, Renoir, Degas, Pissarro, Sisley, Cezanne, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Bonnard, Vuillard, Denis, Matisse, and Picasso.
PRINTS AND DRAWINGS
The Museum formed its department of graphic art in 1924 when it acquired the graphic collections of the former Roumyantsev Museum. Their foundation was laid in 1861 by the gift of Emperor Alexander II — over 20,000 prints were handed over then from the Hermitage. Later some outstanding private collections were added to it: of D.A.Rovinsky (Russian engravings), of N.S.Mosolov (Rembrandt's etchings, Dutch drawings of the XVII century), of S.N.Kitayev (Japanese prints). In Soviet time the graphic department was further replenished by gifts, purchases, and handovers from other museums (the Hermitage, the History Museum, the Museum of New Western Art). As a result, it grew into a large museum of graphic art in its own right possessing about 400,000 engravings, drawings, illustrated books, posters, applied graphics, and ex-libris prints created by West European, American, Russian, and Oriental artists from the XV century to this day. Among them are works by great masters — Durer, Rembrandt, Rubens, Renoir, Picasso, Matisse, Brullov, Ivanov, Favorsky, Deineka, Utamaro, Hokusai, Hiroshige.
SCULPTURE
The A.S.Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts has about 600 West-European sculptures. This collection emerged gradually, parallel to the formation of the Museum's picture gallery. Its earliest acquisitions were sculptures donated from the collections of M.S.Shchokin (1910) and A.A.Khomyakov (1911). More systematic collecting of originals began after 1924 when a special department of sculpture was set up. The department obtained then works from the Roumyantsev Museum which had been closed down, its collections distributed to other museums; from the museum of the former Stroganov art school; from the museum of furniture; and from some private collections (of D.I.Shchukin, I.S.Ostroukhov, and others). As a result, the Fine Arts Museum's collection was enriched with samples of polychrome wood sculpture of the XVI-XVII centuries; works by French masters of the XVIII century: Goujon, Pigal, Falconet, Clodion. After the closure in 1948 of the Museum of New Western Art over 60 sculptures were handed over from it to the Fine Arts Museum, among them works by Rodin, Maillol, Bourdelle, Zadkine, Arkhipenko, and others. A notable section of contemporary sculpture was created thanks, above all, to the gifts of sculptors: Giacomo Manzu, Fritz Kremer, Francesco Messina, and Emilio Greco
DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ART
In 1912 even before the inauguration of the Museum donations of decorative art and articles of applied art were made. The collection at present contains a rare group of Limoges Enamels, Flemish and French wall tapestries, Italian majolica, over 300 first rate pieces of old handcrafted furniture. The sources of the formation of this collection were the State Museum Fund and various Moscow museums — the State History Museum, the Museum of Stroganov School of Applied Art, the Moscow Museum of Furniture. Many articles of decorative art were received in 1948 from the State Museum of Modern Western Art such as ornamented vases by Derain, Denis, Vlamink and a number of works were donated by Lydia Delektorskaya, the secretary of Matisse, and Nadia Leger, the widow of Fernand Leger.
THE COLLECTION OF CASTS
The Museum has one of the world's largest and most complete collections of casts of world famous sculptures. Casts are sculpture monuments mechanically reproduced in plaster fully retaining the exact size and form of the original. The basis of the collection constitute the casts of the famous sculptural monuments of the Ancient world, Middle Ages, Renaissance. Prof. Tsvetaiev commissioned casts in leading museums of Berlin, Munich, Paris, London, Rome, Naples. The present exposition includes the following rooms of casts: the Greek and Italian courtyards, the Art of the Aegean World and Ancient Greece, Room of Greek Art of late classical and Hellenistic periods, Room of the Art of Ancient Italy, those of the European Art of the Middle Ages, Dutch and German sculpture of the XV-XVI centuries, the Sculpture of Italian Renaissance. This collection of casts continues to play its important role even to-day in disseminating knowledge about the history of world art.
HISTORY OF СOIN AND MEDAL'S COLLECTION
Coin collection of Pushkin Museum is one of the best Russian numismatic museum collections. At the present time the Numismatic Department totals over 200 thousand items - both originals and copies. This is a very small number of exhibits if you were to compare it for example with the State Her-mitage or the Moscow History Museum. However, the high quality structure of the Pushkin Museum's collection distinguishes it and places it alongside some of known State Numismatic collections in Russia and Europe.
The basis was formed by the collection of Imperial University of Moscow at the second half of 18th century and became the part of the University department of Fine Arts and Antiquities.
In 1770 and 1772 a unique anonymous donations were given to the Univer-sity - Lippert's Dactylioteca numbering about 4 thousands plaster casts from carved stones from European museums and a group of European coins and medals.
In the beginning of the 19th century one of the most remarkable contribu-tions to the University collection was a donation from Pavel Demidov (1715-1761) as well. In the period from 1803 to1806 nearly 4,000 coins and medals were transferred to the museum by P.G. Demidov including a group of rare Swedish coins and medals dating from the 16th to the 18th century coming from the former collection of Swedish numismatist Elias Brenner (1647-1717).
The University numismatic collection did not suffer in the fires of 1812 as it was moved to Nizniy Novgorod. Thanks to this, highly artistic medals from Demidov's collection as well as Lyppert's Dactylioteca and rare books in numismatics were safely added to the University collection after Patriotic War of 1812.
In the middle of 19th century the Munzkabinett was included within the structure of the University Department of Fine Arts and Antiquities. Greek, Roman and Medeival coins and medals from the Munzkabinett then made up the basis of the collection of originals in the Alexander III Museum of Fine Arts, foundated in 1898 by professor Ivan V. Tsvetaev.
In the 1920s the Kabinet was included in the classical sculpture section and was only reorganized into an independent numismatic cabinet in 1930 which was then renamed the Numismatic Department in 1945.
The Moscow University Muntzkabinett collection has always been depictured by leading numismatic specialists of the time. In the 1830s. Oriental coins from Moscow University collection were published by the academic Ch. Fraehn. A manuscript Catalogue of Roman coins was compiled by A.Podshivalov in the 1880s and in 1891 - a catalogue of Ancient Greek coins by A.Oreshnikov came out. Just as important were manuscript catalogues and notes in them by former curators of the collection - K. Gortz (who ran the Kabinet of Arts and Antiquities from 1861 to 1883) and A. Zograph (who was a curator of the collection from 1918 to 1922.
The year of the First World War and the Civil War saw the appearance of a large number of acquisitions purchased or given out to Museum by both State and charitable organizators including committees, unions and societies. The most interesting and rare numismatic pieces came from State Museum De-positary where known private numismatic collections (such as from collec-tions of count Stroganov, Bobrinsky etc.) were accumulated in the period af-ter the revolution of 1917. Among them are Classical coins from 6th to 3rd century B.C., early Medeival and Oriental coins. A collection of plaster casts by James Tassy was moved to the Museum from former museum by the G.A. Brockar, and represents a reduced version of the Hermitage Kabinet of plaster casts from gems.
In 1924, 1939 and 1944 part of Vasilii Rozanov's former collection of classical coins (about 5,000 pieces) was moved from the Institute of the Clas-sical Orient and purchased by Museum from his daughter.
A notable donation was the collection of Alexander Golikov (1865-1940) given to the museum by the owner's widow in 1941 and 1947 in accordance to his will. Golikov's collection was exceptional both in size and quality since it numbered around 11,000 Classical, Russian and Medeival coins and gems, which Golikov collected for more than 40 years. The donation from Golikov to the museum can be compared only to the arrival of parts of Evgenii Pak-homov's collection in 1966 and 1971. Professor E.A. Pakhomov (1888-1965) headed the Archaeology and Numismatics Faculty of Baku University and was one of the organisers of the Azerbaidjan Museum of History. His collec-tion, exceptionnel in the size and scope of the various fields of numismatics, was given out according to the last will and testament of the owner to four museums: the Azerbaijan Museum of History, the Georgian State Museum, the State Hermitage and the State History Museum in Moscow. The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts acquired around 10,000 Russian and 2,000 Orien-tal coins.
Com cerca de mil vasos gregos, além de esculturas e peças de artes aplicadas, que foram reunidas em torno do núcleo de obras do originárias do ''Gabinete de Antigüidades'' da Universidade de Moscou e de outros museus. Esta seção tem sido constantemente enriquecida com novos achados produzidos por expedições de prospecção arqueológica na área do norte do [[Mar Negro]], onde floresceram colônias gregas e a civilização [[cita]], incluindo jóias, cerâmicas, moedas e outros objetos.
An important source of material for the University collection (and later the museum collection) was archaeological excavations. Some of the most impor-tant pieces acquired in the 19th century were coins from P. Leontyev's exca-vations in Tanais (1853) and K.Gortz excavations in Phanagoria in Taman (1859), where 80 coins were found in one season. Up until the 1980s any coins found in the ancient settlement sites of Phanagoria, Panticapaion or Hermonasse came straight to the collection at the Pushkin Museum. Around 3,5 thousand coins from these ancient settlement sites were restored and iden-tified in the period from 1945 to 1986. The majority of numismatic material found during excavation works consisted of examples of local coinage from ancient times. Greek and Roman coins came from these city-sites as well as Byzantine coins discovered in the early medieval layers of the settlements.
===Galeria de Pinturas===
A coleção de [[pintura]]s é a mais importante do museu. Iniciada com doações de M. S. Shchekin ainda antes da inauguração oficial do museu, foi sendo enriquecida a partir de 1924 com peças trazidas de [[São Petersburgo]] e doações moscovitas, além de receber transferências de outros museus, onde se destacam as do Hermitage. A coleção tomou sua forma atual com a incorporação de excelente série de pinturas francesas do fim do século XIX e começo do século XX, procedentes do Museu de Arte Nova do Ocidente, em Moscou.
Excellent curators and specialists have always worked with the coin and medal collection at the Pushkin Museum. At the very begining Alexander Zograph identified and systematized the coins (from 1918 to 1922). His pupil and successor Lev Kharko (1899-1961) ran the numismatics department from 1924 to 1952. He did a great deal of work in the restocking, the populatization and the systematisation of the collection. From 1931 Konstantin Golenko (1929-1975) worked in the Numismatic Department of the museum and from 1969 to 1973 he ran the department himself. His work on the coins from the Northern Black Sea area is well known by Russian and foreign specialists.
*'''Arte dos séculos VIII a XVI'''
As peças mais antigas deste departamento são da civilização [[Bizâncio|bizantina]], com [[mosaico]]s e [[ícone]]s, assinalando os primeiros desenvolvimentos da pintura do ocidente, com um grupo de obras [[Itália|italianas]] das escolas primitivas, seguidas por outras da [[Renascença]] italiana - [[Sassetta]], [[Perugino]], [[Botticelli]], [[Bronzino]], [[Veronese]] e outros - e alemã.
[[Image:François Boucher 012.jpg|thumb|Boucher: ''Júpiter e Calisto'']]
*'''Pintura européia dos séculos XVII a XVIII'''
Dentre as coleções de pinturas esta é talvez a mais significativa, com obras [[Países Baixos|flamengas]], italianas, [[Espanha|espanholas]] e francesas, de autores como [[Rembrandt]], [[Ruisdael]], [[Rubens]], [[Jordaens]], [[Canaletto]], [[Francesco Guardi|Guardi]], [[Francisco de Zurbarán|Zurbarán]], [[Murillo]], [[Poussin]] e [[Boucher]].
*'''Pintura européia da primeira metade do século XIX'''
The post-Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 period up until the end of the 1950s was mostly spent processing the numismatic treasures brought from Germany. An inventory of all the coins and medals was made by staffs from the department, such as U.Shultz, A.Luppol, N.Rozanova, A.Kosareva, V.Leonovich and G.Kister. In 1958 around 150,000 exhibits from a unique numismatic collection of Saxon kings were returned to Germany.
Este período, com sua diversidade de correntes artísticas, é bem representado por [[Romantismo|românticos]] como [[Delacroix]], [[Caspar David Friedrich|Friedrich]] e [[Théodore Géricault|Géricault]], paisagistas como [[John Constable|Constable]], [[Corot]] e os integrantes da [[Escola de Barbizon]], [[realismo|realistas]] como [[Courbet]], e vários outros mestres significativos.
*'''Pintura francesa da segunda metade do século XIX e início do século XX'''
Uma coleção única por sua riqueza, sendo mundialmente afamada pela quantidade e qualidade de obras de [[Monet]], [[Renoir]], [[Degas]], [[Pissarro]], [[Sisley]], [[Cézanne]], [[Van Gogh]], [[Gauguin]], [[Bonnard]], [[Edouard Vuillard|Vuillard]], [[Maurice Denis|Denis]], [[Matisse]] e [[Picasso]], recebidas do extinto Museu de Arte Nova do Ocidente e das coleções privadas de S. I. Shchukin e I. A. Morozov.
===Gravuras e Desenhos===
The collection of Russian medals is made up of nearly 14,000 memorial pieces from the period of the rule of Peter the Great up until the present day. The first quarter of the 18th century is particularly well represented thanks to the acquisition of around 400 medals in 1983 from Alexander Stakhovich's collection (1884-1959). The prise pieces of the collection are gold decorative medals by S.Guen, a series of silver medals by F.Muller to the events of the Northern War and the first decorative medals by unknown Russian masters.
Este departamento foi inaugurado com a aquisição em 1924 do acervo do exstinto Museu Roumyantsev, embora desde 1861 já possuísse cerca de 20 mil obras deste gênero, transferidas do Hermitage por ordem pelo Czar Alexandre II. Com os anos a coleção foi largamente ampliada com novas doações e transferências de outras instituições, possuindo hp0je cmais de 400 mil trabalhos que compreendem desenhos, gravuras, livros ilustrados, posteres, ex-libris e outros itens de mestres como Durer, Rembrandt, Rubens, Renoir, Picasso, Matisse, [[Alexander Brullov|Brullov]], [[Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov|Ivanov]], [[Vladimir Favorsky|Favorsky]], [[Alexander Deyneka|Deineka]], [[Utamaro]], [[Hokusai]] e [[Hiroshige]].
===Esculturas===
[[Image:Sculpture of Pushkin Museum3.JPG|thumb]]
Compreende cerca de 600 obras européias. O departamento foi formado em torno da doação dos acervos privados de M. S. Shchokin e A. A. Khomyakov entre 1910 e 1911, sendo criado oficialmente em 1924, quando se iniciou um projeto sistemático de novas aquisições e transferências. Em 1948 recebeu 60 peças do Museu de Arte Nova do Ocidente, incluindo criações de [[Rodin]], [[Aristide Maillol|Maillol]], [[Antoine Bourdelle|Bourdelle]], [[Ossip Zadkine|Zadkine]], [[Alexander Archipenko|Arkhipenko]] e outros, e mais tarde doações de artistas como [[Giacomo Manzù]], [[Fritz Kremer]], [[Francesco Messina]] e [[Emilio Greco]] expandiram o núcleo contemporâneo.
===Artes Decorativas e Aplicadas===
Now the Museum's collection includes around 200,000 pieces from all parts of numismatics. We have always remembered the enormous amount of work and experience of previous generations of curators, who formed and as-similated this unique collection of coins and medals, their work not only dur-ing the 100 years that the Museum has already existed, but during the period of about 250 years of the history of the collection itself
Iniciada mesmo antes da abertura do museu, esta seção abrange um largo período, com tapeçarias da antigüidade e flamengas, majólicas italianas, mobiliário e peças contemporâneas, principalmente de [[Fernand Léger|Leger]], [[André Derain|Derain]], Denis e [[Maurice Vlamink|Vlamink]].
===Coleção de Réplicas===
O Museu Pushkin possui uma das maiores e melhores coleções de [[réplica]]s de estatuária do mundo, executadas em gesso e preservando com perfeição suas formas e detalhes. As maiores criações da escultura da Antigüidade clássica até o Renascimento estão representadas na coleção, iniciada pelo fundador do museu, Tsvetaev, que considerava a réplica de esculturas uma substituição perfeitamente válida para fins educativos, e até os dias de hoje esta seção desempenha um papel fundamental nas atividades pedagógicas da instituição.
===Numismática===
MUSEUM OF PRIVATE COLLECTIONS
In 1983 at the initiative of a Soviet collector, Ph.D. in art history Dr. Ilya S.Zillberstein and Museum's Director Irina A.Antonova a Department of Private Collections was set up, housed in a specially reconstructed and equipped building of the XVIII-XIX centuries next to the main building of the Museum (Opened on January 24, 1994).
THE COLLECTION OF I.S.SILBERSTEIN
Ilya Samoilovich Silberstein, Ph.D. (1905-1988), was an art historian, literary critic, head of the publishing series The Literary Heritage including over a hundred volumes on Russian writers and some of his own works on Russian artists; editor of fundamental publications on Repin, Serov, Dyaghilev, Benoi, Korovin; author of the books "Alexander Bestuzhev, Artist and Decembrist", "My Finds in Paris", and others. Besides his literary activities Silberstein was an art collector. His unique collection formed the basis of a new museum.
A coleção do Museu Pusknin é uma das melhores do mundo neste gênero, com mais de 200 mil moedas e medalhas que datam desde a Antigüidade até tempos recentes. Seu acervo começou a ser formado na segunda metade do século XVIII no âmbito da Universidade Imperial de Moscou, com a doação de uma extensa coleção de cópias e alguns originais, a Dactiloteca Lippert. Outras doações importantes se seguiram, como a Demidov, a do Munzkabinett, a Golikov e a Pakhomov, e aquisições, escavações e transferências no século XX contribuíram enormemente para a constituição do vasto acervo atual. Esta coleção, por sua importância, tem sido objeto de constantes estudos e publicações desde o início do século XIX.
Russian Graphic Art of the XVIII-early XX Cent. in I.S.Silberstein's Collection.
The collection includes works by I.Yermenev, A.Orlovsky, K.Gampeln, A.and K.Brullovs, and a unique series of watercolor portraits of Decembrists (participants of the Dec 14, 1825 uprising) by N.Bestuzhev.
Graphic works of the late XIX century include over 40 drawings by I.Repin (of different periods), also works by V.Serov and M.Vrubel. Among the highlights of the collection is the portrait of the Belgian violinist Eugene Isai by Serov.
Silberstein's uniquely full collection of works by the artists grouped round the journal Mir Iskusstva (The World of Art) includes all the members of that circle: A. Benoi, K.Somov, M.Dobuzhinsky, B.Kustodiyev, Z.Serebryakova, and others. Many of the works are rated among the classics of Russia's culture.
Alexander Benoi, artist, critic, and art historian, is represented by the graphic sheets of his famous Versailles series and by his best work — the cycle of illustrations to A.S.Pushkin's poem "The Bronze Horseman".
Another remarkable exhibit in Silberstein's collection is a full set of L.Bakst's costume designs and stage sets for the ballet "Orpheus" by Roger Ducas.
However, Silberstein's collection of the late XIX — early XX centuries is not limited to the Mir Iskusstva masters. He has quite a few works of the same period, but of other trends: V.Vasnetsov, S.Sudeikin, M.Larionov, E.Guro. In fact, we find here the complete picture of a whole epoch, may be the most brilliant and complicated in all history of Russia's culture
===Museu de Coleções Privadas===
THE COLLECTION OF Y.Y.STEPANOV
Em 1983, por iniciativa do colecionador Ilya Zillberstein e da diretora do museu Irina Antonova, foi criado um novo departamento, destinado à preservação e exposição de acervos fechados, ou não passíveis de expansão. Foi instalado em um palacete do fim do século XVIII nas proximidades da sede principal, e abriga os legados de importantes colecionadores, como o do próprio Zillberstein e outros como Yevgeni Stepanov, Alexander Rodchenko, Varvara Stepanova e David Sterenberg.
Yevgeni Yakovlevich Stepanov (1900-1991) began collecting statuettes in 1925 and made his last acquisition in 1975 — altogether 36 pieces, most of them representing horses. The thematic limitation, strangely, does not preclude a variety of subjects. The sculptures by P.Klodt are the pride of the collection. A place apart belongs to the works by Ye.A.Lancere.
Stepanov donated his collection to the future Museum of Private Collections in 1988.
THE HERITAGE OF A.M.RODCHENKO AND V.F.STEPANOVA
In 1992 the Museum received a donation of about 500 paintings and graphic works by Alexander Mikhailovich Rodchenko (1891-1956) and Varvara Fyodorovna Stepanova (1894-1958) from the artists' daughter Varvara Alexandrovna and grandson Alexander Nikolayevich Lavrentiev. The collection comprises all the periods of their work from the early years before the 1917 revolution to those after the 2nd World War. This is the fullest collection of their works in the world.
THE HERITAGE OF D.P.STERENBERG
Shortly before the opening of the Museum paintings by David Petrovich Sterenberg (1881-1948) were donated to it by his heirs — daughter Violetta, son David, and grandson Igor Sterenbergs (all of them artists).
THE COLLECTION OF T.A.MAVRINA
In 1995 Tatiana Alexeyevna Mavrina (1902-1996) whose work is universally known and loved, donated to the Museum a collection of 22 icons, of folk art, and over 150 works of her own. The collection was assembled by her and her husband, outstanding artist Nikolai Vasilievich Kuzmin (1890-1987), in 1950-1770.
The collection could do honor to any museum of ancient Russian painting. It is evident from the work of T.A.Mavrina that the icon painting tradition remains a source of inspiration for Russian art to this day.
The ===Memorial ApartmentApartamento ofde SvyatoslavSviatoslav Richter ===
O famoso pianista russo [[Sviatoslav Richter]], que manteve estreitas ligações com o museu, é lembrado com a preservação de sua última residência em Moscou, onde são realizadas visitas guiadas, audições de [[música]] e exposição de obras de sua coleção privada e outras produzidas por ele mesmo em [[aquarela]], desenho e pintura. Desde [[1981]], por iniciativa do próprio Richter e até sua morte com a sua participação, o museu mantém anualmente o festival de música ''Noites de Dezembro de Svyatoslav Richter''.
was opened in January, 1999 in Moscow on Bolshaya Bronnaya street 2/6, as a department of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, a museum with which Svyatoslav Teofilovich had been connected by long standing friendship. And today Richter's Memorial Apartment is open to visitors. Each excursion is accompanied by listening to music performed by S. Richter and seeing the film about the great musician. Excursions are guided by those who personally knew Svyatoslav Teofilovich. Displays and photo exhibitions, literary and musical evenings and concerts of recorded music are regularly held in the apartment. Christmas and special dates including the birthdays of Svyatoslav Teofilovich and Nina Lvovna are celebrated in the Memorial Apartment. Music still sounds here. Well known musicians and talented youth participate in live concerts. The phonoroom works on Wednesdays. For more information about events see the news)
==Galeria==
<center>
<gallery>
Image:Lucas Cranach d. Ä. 029.jpg|Cranach: ''Madonna''
Image:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 040.jpg|Rembrandt: ''Cristo e São Tomé''
Image:Jan Gossaert 011.jpg|Gossaert: ''Retrato de um homem''
Image:Gustave Courbet 030.jpg|Courbet: ''Praia da Normandia''
Image:Bridge in Abramtsevo by Repin.jpg|Repin: ''Paisagem de verão''
Image:Paul Cézanne 060.jpg|Cézanne: ''Noite à fantasia''
Image:Paul Gauguin 107.jpg|Gauguin: ''Rupe rupe''
Image:Vincent Willem van Gogh 018.jpg|Van Gogh: ''O mar em Saintes-Marie''
Image:Apoxyomenos01 pushkin.jpg|Cópia de Lísipo: ''Apoxiômenos''
Image:Doriphorus01 pushkin.jpg|Cópia de Polícleto: ''Doríforo''
Image:Knidos capitolian01 pushkin.jpg|Cpoia de Praxíteles: ''Vênus de Cnido''
Image:Scrovegni pisano01 pushkin.jpg|Cópia de Pisano: ''Retrato de Enrico Scrovegni''
</gallery>
</center>
Svyatoslav Richter and Nina Dorliak moved into this apartment on the sixteenth floor of 2/6 Bolshaya Bronnaya in the early 1970s. Richter loved this part of Moscow. The building where he lived is a fairly ordinary one made of brick. But as soon as you cross the threshold of his apartment you enter a different world. Do not expect lavish furnishing and fittings. Everything here conveys the personality of the owner, his way of life, the special energy of this man whom Yuri Bashmet calls "a safe conduct to truth in art". Andrei Voznesenky sees Richter as a symbol of the Russian intelligentsia, who live on the "Richter scale".
Svyatoslav Richter was a wanderer by nature not only in the geographical space of his concert tours. S. Richter: "I wander among sonatas, impromptus, from one century to another. From Bach … again to Bach…It is for this reason that my favorite composition is Schubert's "Wanderer" ("the Wanderer"). It is my guiding star". There were no photos of himself on the walls of the apartment in Richter's lifetime. Now they are brought out for displays illustrating the musician's life, and his own pictures are also displayed. The secretary next to Picasso's "Dove" contains the manuscript of Sergey Prokofev's Piano Sonata № 9 with a dedication to Svyatoslav Richter. Here too is a copy of Solzhenitsin's "Krokhotki" signed by the author. Over the secretary is a contra relief of the poet Boris Pasternak by the sculptor Sarra Lebedeva …
Svyatoslav Teofilovich was not a collector in the true sense of this word, but he knew well and loved painting and organized exhibitions of works of his favorite artists in his own apartment. He not only loved the fine arts, but was also himself an artist. Most part of his collection of painting and his own pastel- works are now in the Museum of Private Collections (part of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts). Their display in the Memorial Apartment changes frequently. The Music Room of Nina Lvovna Dorliak has become a kind of a small "museum" in the Memorial Apartment. A remarkable chamber singer and teacher, she came from a family with a singing pedigree that according to the family legend, goes back to Pauline Viardot. They lived together with Svyatoslav Teofilovich about half a century.
Music was and remains to be the most important thing in Svyatoslav Richter's apartment. Home concerts, art exhibitions and theatre performances were an old-standing tradition in Richter's family. The museum tries to preserve the musical and family traditions established by the hosts of this hospitable home.
Music, the immense repertoire, the intense concert life did not exhaust the creative power of Svyatoslav Teofilovich, did not limit his art interests. Love of fine arts throughout his life. He not only loved and knew well fine arts, but was also an artist himself.Svyatoslav Teofilovich has left a big enough collection of pictures, mainly gifts from the authors. Western painters from Richter's collection are represented by Hans Hartung, Alexander Kolder, Joan Miro, Pablo Picasso's "Dove" with a donatives signature … S. Richter's pastels and a large part of his collection of paintings are now in the Museum of Private Collections of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts. The display at the Memorial Apartment changes frequently.
Svyatoslav Richter was the inspirer and art director of the music festival. The main idea of " December Nights " is that of the unity of culture - through a reconstruction of images of certain epochs in the synthesis of music, painting, poetry and dramatic art. Spectators and listeners find themselves as if in a temple or in a hall of a palace, music and monuments of fine arts seem to have returned into their natural surroundings. At the same time the White Hall of our Museum with its chamber space is an ideal place for music, conveying a sense of partnership to a musical process. Since 1998 the festival has been known as the " December Nights of Svyatoslav Richter " and after the death of the great musician Jury Bashmet became its art director. Over these years many unique programs have been performed at the festival which has won world renown.
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==Ligações externas==
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