Usuário(a):InTheAstronomy32/Testes
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Nome da estrela | Raio médio da estrela, em quilômetros | Classe estelar | Notas | Referências |
---|---|---|---|---|
CXOU J085201.4-461753 | 1.2 | Estrela de nêutrons | [1] | |
PSR B0943+10 | 2.6 | Pulsar ou estrela de quarks | Estrelas de nêutrons são remanescentes estelares produzidos quando uma estrela de cerca de 8 a 9 massas solares ou mais explode em uma supernova no final de sua vida. Elas são geralmente produzidas por estrelas com menos de 20 massas solares, embora uma estrela mais massiva possa produzir uma estrela de nêutrons em certos casos. PSR B0943+10 é uma das estrelas menos massivas, com 0,02 massas solares. | [2] |
CXO J232327.9+584842 | 2.7 | Estrela de nêutrons | [1] | |
PSR B1257+12 | 10 | Pulsar | Possui três exoplanetas confirmados | [3] |
PSR B0531+21 (Crab pulsar) | 10 | Relativamente novo, com 997 anos de idade em outubro de 2021. | [4] | |
Geminga | 10 | [5] | ||
Vela pulsar | 10 | [6] | ||
XTE J1739-285 | 10.9 | Pulsar ou estrela de quarks | [7] | |
PSR J0348+0432 A | 13 ± 2 | Pulsar | Orbitado por uma estrela anã branca (veja abaixo) | [8] |
PSR J1748-2446ad | <16 | Pulsar de rotação mais rápida conhecido. | [9] | |
RX J1856.5−3754 | 19 | Estrela de nêutrons | A estrela de nêutrons mais próxima descoberta até hoje. | [10] |
PSR B1620-26 | 24 | Pulsar | Possui um exoplaneta confirmado | |
XTE J1650-500 B | 24 | Buraco negro | Este sistema transiente de raios-X binário, XTE J1650-500, o buraco negro do sistema, com 3,8 massas solares, é menor que o recordista anterior GRO J1655-40 B de 6,3 massas solares no sistema microquasar GRO J1655-40. | [11] |
HD 49798 | 1,600 | Anã branca | Uma das menores estrelas conhecidas do tipo anã branca. | [12] |
ZTF J1901+1458 | 1,809 | [13] | ||
GRW +70 8247 | 3,300 | [14] | ||
BPM 37093 | 3,965.5 | |||
IK Pegasi B | 4,174 | [15] | ||
Sirius B | 5,466 | Estrela anã branca detectada historicamente pela primeira vez | [16] | |
LB 1497 | 5,494.5 | [17] | ||
40 Eridani B | 5,547.5 | |||
Procyon B | 6,700 | [18][19] | ||
Gliese 915 | 6,748.3 | [20] | ||
G 29-38 | 6,950 | [21] | ||
QS Virginis A | 7,658 | |||
GD 165 A | 8,626.5 | [22] | ||
ESO 439-26 | 8,775.5 | Anã branca mais fraca conhecida.[23] | ||
ZZ Ceti | 8,209 | [22] | ||
Wolf 489 | 9,044 | [24] | ||
Van Maanen 2 | 9,048 | [25] | ||
WD 1856+534 | 9,113.67 | [26] | ||
WD 1145+017 | 13,926.84 | Host star of one of the smallest exoplanets. | [27] | |
PSR J0348+0432 B | 45,268 | A white dwarf that orbits its pulsar companion (see above) | [8] | |
EPIC 201702477 | 54,120 | Anã marrom | Smallest known brown dwarf star | [28] |
Epsilon Indi Ba | 55,656 | [29] | ||
LHS 6343 C | 55,978 | [30] | ||
Epsilon Indi Bb | 57,050 | [29] | ||
54 Piscium B | 57,050 | [31] | ||
UGPS J0521+3640 | 57,193.5 | |||
EBLM J0555-57Ab | 60,000 | Anã vermelha | This red dwarf has a size comparable to that of the planet Saturn. As of 2019, it is the second lightest hydrogen-fusing star known, marginally heavier (0.0777-0.0852Predefinição:Solar mass) than the 2MASS J0523-1403. Although its mass is comparable to that of TRAPPIST-1A, its radius is 1/3 smaller. | [32][33][34] |
Luhman 16 A | 60,768 | Brown dwarf | Luhman 16 A and Luhman 16 B are the closest brown dwarf stars to Earth. | [a] |
SSSPM J0829-1309 | 61,300 | Anã vermelha | An L2 dwarf that is fusing hydrogen. Similarly to 2MASS J0523-1403, SSSPM J0829-1309 is one of the least luminous and massive hydrogen-fusing stars, and is smaller than Jupiter. | [35][36] |
WISE 1405+5534 | 61,483 | Brown dwarf | [37] | |
2MASS 0939-2448 B | 62,600 | [38] | ||
UGPS 0722-05 | 63,340 | Possibly a rogue planet | [39] | |
2MASS J0348−6022 | 64,700 | [40] | ||
SCR 1845−6357 A | 66,790 | Anã vermelha | ||
2MASS 0937+2931 | 67,200 | Brown dwarf | [41] | |
DENIS J081730.0−615520 | 67,200 | [41] | ||
DENIS 0255−4700 | 69,600 | [42] | ||
2MASS J0523-1403 | 70,600 | Anã vermelha | As in 2019, with mass ±12.79 67.54Predefinição:Jupiter mass (0.0523-0.0767Predefinição:Solar mass) is the lowest known mass hydrogen-burning star. | [43][35][41] |
GD 165 B | 71,492 | Brown dwarf | [44] | |
DENIS-P J1058.7−1548 | 71,492 | [45] | ||
LHS 2924 | 71,657 | Anã vermelha | [46] | |
2MASS 0036+1821 | 72,200 | Brown dwarf | [41] | |
Luhman 16 B | 74,350 | Luhman 16 B and Luhman 16 A are the closest brown dwarf stars to Earth. | [a] | |
Estrela de Teegarden | 74,439.9 | Anã vermelha | Has two potentially habitable planets | [47] |
DENIS J1048−3956 | 75,135.5 | [48] | ||
DX Cancri | 76,527 | [49] | ||
Gliese 229 B | 79,000 | Brown dwarf | ||
OGLE-TR-122B | 81,100 | Anã vermelha | This was once the smallest known actively fusing star, when found in 2005, through 2013. It is the smallest eclipsing red dwarf, and smallest observationally measured diameter. | [50][51][52] |
VB 10 | 82,300 | [53] | ||
TRAPPIST-1 | 84,180 | Hosts a planetary system with at least seven rocky planets. | [54] | |
VB 8 | 84,450 | [53] | ||
2MASS 0939-2448 A | 87,220 | Brown dwarf | [55] | |
Gliese 412 B | 90,400 | Anã vermelha | [56] | |
Gliese 1002 | 95,310 | Has two confirmed exoplanets | [57] | |
Luyten 726-8 (A and B) | 97,000 | [58] | ||
Wolf 359 | 100,180.8 | [53] | ||
Gliese 1061 | 105,746.4 | Has three confirmed exoplanets | [53] | |
Proxima Centauri | 107,277 | This is the nearest neighbouring star to the Sun. | [59] | |
UY Sextantis | 118,250 | Blue-white subdwarf | [60] | |
Kepler-42 | 121,750 | Anã vermelha | Has three confirmed exoplanets | [61] |
HW Virginis B | 121,835 | [62] | ||
Groombridge 34 B | 125,200 | [63] | ||
Wolf 1069 | 126,130 | Has one confirmed exoplanet | [64] | |
HW Virginis A | 127,404.6 | Subdwarf B star | [62] | |
Gliese 3323 | 129,539.5 | Anã vermelha | Has two confirmed exoplanets | [47] |
Ross 248 | 132,183 | [56] | ||
Barnard's Star | 136,357 | The star with the highest proper motion[65] | [66] | |
Ross 128 | 136,844 | Has one confirmed exoplanet | [67] | |
Kepler-70 | 141,329 | Subdwarf B star | Possibly has two exoplanets. | [68] |
Gliese 1214 | 141,922 | Anã vermelha | Has a confirmed exoplanet | [53] |
Gliese 754 | 142,618.5 | [69] | ||
LHS 1140 | 142,618.5 | Has two confirmed exoplanets | [53] | |
Gliese 1132 | 149,575 | Has two confirmed exoplanets | [53] | |
LSR J1835+3259 | 150,133 | Brown dwarf | [70] | |
LHS 292 | 153,564 | Anã vermelha | [71] | |
CT Chamaeleontis B | 157,282.4 | Brown dwarf | ||
Kepler-1649 | 161,400 | Anã vermelha | Has two confirmed exoplanets | [72] |
CM Draconis B | 166,689.72 | [73] | ||
Ross 695 | 167,000 | [74] | ||
Ross 154 | 167,000 | [75] | ||
Kruger 60 B | 167,000 | [76] | ||
CM Draconis A | 176,000 | [77] | ||
Z Andromedae B | 184,530.63 | White dwarf | Largest white dwarf | [78] |
55 Cancri B | 186,447.5 | Anã vermelha | [79] | |
Gliese 105 B | 193,405 | [56] | ||
LHS 475 | 194,030.5 | Has one confirmed exoplanet | [80] | |
HR 7703 | 194,800 | [76] | ||
Mu Cassiopeiae Ab | 201,750 | [81] | ||
Estrela de Kapteyn | 202,448.7 | This is the closest halo star to the Sun. | [82] | |
Gliese 581 | 215,700 | Has three confirmed exoplanets | [53] | |
Wolf 1061 | 221,900 | Has three confirmed exoplanets | [53] | |
Xi Ursae Majoris Ab | 222,600 | [83] | ||
Gliese 1 | 229,580 | [84] | ||
Gliese 667 C | 234,450.9 | Has two confirmed exoplanets | [53] | |
Estrela de Luyten | 243,500 | Has two confirmed exoplanets and other two unconfirmed | [85] | |
Kruger 60 A | 243,500 | [76] | ||
EV Lacertae | 250,500 | [86] | ||
Gliese 251 | 253,235 | Has one confirmed exoplanet | [87] | |
AT Microscopii A | 257,400 | [88] | ||
Gliese 876 | 258,800 | Has four confirmed exoplanets | [53] | |
LHS 6343 A | 259,495 | [30] | ||
Gliese 412 A | 264,400 | [56] | ||
Groombridge 34 A | 267,800 | [53] | ||
Teide 1 | 270,240 | Brown dwarf | [89][90] | |
AD Leonis | 271,323 | Anã vermelha | [91] | |
Gliese 908 | 271,323 | [74] | ||
Lalande 21185 | 273,500 | [92] | ||
LHS 6343 B | 274,100 | [30] | ||
Gliese 179 | 278,300 | Has two confirmed exoplanets | [93] | |
AT Microscopii A | 285,250 | [88] | ||
Gliese 588 | 292,200 | [94] | ||
Gliese 686 | 292,200 | Has a confirmed exoplanet | [95] | |
TOI 700 | 292,200 | Has four confirmed exoplanets | [96] | |
QS Virginis B | 292,404 | |||
Gliese 180 | 294,211.5 | Has two confirmed exoplanets | [47] | |
Gliese 3634 | 299,150 | Has a confirmed exoplanet | [97] | |
Gliese 436 | 300,542 | Has a confirmed exoplanet | [53] | |
WR 93b | 306,108 | Wolf-Rayet | [98] | |
Gliese 832 | 307,500 | Anã vermelha | Has two exoplanets | [53] |
Gliese 877 | 307,500 | [99] | ||
Lacaille 9352 | 320,000 | [92] |
Smallest stars by type editar
Type | Star name | Radius Solar radii (Sun = 1) |
Radius Jupiter radii (Jupiter = 1) |
Radius Earth radii (Earth = 1) |
Radius (km / mi) |
Date | Notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red dwarf | EBLM J0555-57Ab | 0.084 | 0.84 | 9.41 | 60 000 km (37 000 mi) | 2017 | The red dwarf stars are considered the smallest stars known, and representative of the smallest star possible. | [32][33][34] |
Brown dwarf | frb | 0.076 | 0.76 | 8.48 | 54 120 km (34 000 mi) | 2017 | Brown dwarfs are not massive enough to build up the pressure in the central regions to allow nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. They are best described as extremely massive gas giants that were not able to ignite into a hydrogen-fusing star. | [28] |
White dwarf | HD 49798 | 0.0023 | 0.023 | 0.25 | 1 600 km (990 mi) | 2021 | White dwarfs are stellar remnants produced when a star with around 8 solar masses or less sheds its outer layers into a planetary nebula. The leftover core becomes the white dwarf. It is thought that white dwarfs cool down over quadrillions of years to produce a black dwarf. | [12] |
Neutron star | PSR B0943+10 | 0.0000037356 | 0.0000363677 | 0.000407643 | 2.6 km
(1.61 mi) |
1968 | Neutron stars are stellar remnants produced when stars with around 9 solar masses or more explode in supernovae at the ends of their lives. They are usually produced by stars with less than 20 solar masses, although a more massive star may produce a neutron star in certain cases. PSR B0943+10 is one of the least massive stars with 0.02 solar masses. | |
Stellar-mass black hole | XTE J1650-500 B | 0.0000344828 | 0.000335702 | 0.00376285 | 24 km (15 mi) | 2008 | Black holes are stellar remnants usually produced when extremely massive stars explode in a supernova or hypernova at the end of their lives. | [11] |
Timeline of smallest red dwarf star recordholders editar
Red dwarfs are considered the smallest star known that are active fusion stars, and are the smallest stars possible that is not a brown dwarf.
Star name | Date | Radius Solar radii (Sun = 1) |
Radius Jupiter radii (Jupiter = 1) |
Radius km (mi) |
Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EBLM J0555-57Ab | 2017-Today | 0.084 | 0.84 | 60 000 km (37 000 mi) | This star has a size comparable to that of Saturn. | [32][33][34] |
2MASS J0523-1403 | 2013-2017 | 0.102 | 1.01 | 70 600 km (44 000 mi) | Lowest mass main sequence star as in 2020. | [43][35][100][41] |
OGLE-TR-122B | 2005-2013 | 0.117 | 1.16 | 81 100 km (50 000 mi) | [50][51][52] |
- ↑ a b Potekhin, A. Y.; De Luca, A.; Pons, J. A. (October 2015). «Neutron stars - thermal emitters». Space Science Reviews. 191 (1–4): 171–206. ISSN 0038-6308. arXiv:1409.7666 . doi:10.1007/s11214-014-0102-2 Verifique data em:
|data=
(ajuda) - ↑ Yue, Y. L.; Cui, X. H.; Xu, R. X. (1 de outubro de 2006). «Is PSR B0943+10 a low-mass quark star?». The Astrophysical Journal. 649 (2): L95–L98. Bibcode:2006ApJ...649L..95Y. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0603468 . doi:10.1086/508421
- ↑ «Archived copy» (PDF). Consultado em 26 de outubro de 2017. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 12 de fevereiro de 2019
- ↑ «psr b0531 21 radius - Google Search». www.google.com. Consultado em 4 de setembro de 2018
- ↑ «Geminga | pulsar». Encyclopedia Britannica. Consultado em 5 de setembro de 2018
- ↑ «1996rftu.proc..173P Page 173». adsbit.harvard.edu. Consultado em 5 de setembro de 2018
- ↑ Zhang, C. M.; Yin, H. X.; Zhao, Y. H.; Wei, Y. C.; Li, X. D. (October 2007). «Does Sub-millisecond Pulsar XTE J1739-285 Contain a Low Magnetic Neutron Star or Quark Star ?». Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 119 (860): 1108–1113. Bibcode:2007PASP..119.1108Z. ISSN 0004-6280. arXiv:0708.3566 . doi:10.1086/522796 Verifique data em:
|data=
(ajuda) - ↑ a b Antoniadis, J.; Freire, P. C. C.; Wex, N.; Tauris, T. M.; Lynch, R. S.; Van Kerkwijk, M. H.; Kramer, M.; Bassa, C.; Dhillon, V. S.; Driebe, T.; Hessels, J. W. T.; Kaspi, V. M.; Kondratiev, V. I.; Langer, N.; Marsh, T. R.; McLaughlin, M. A.; Pennucci, T. T.; Ransom, S. M.; Stairs, I. H.; Van Leeuwen, J.; Verbiest, J. P. W.; Whelan, D. G. (2013). «A Massive Pulsar in a Compact Relativistic Binary». Science. 340 (6131). 1233232 páginas. Bibcode:2013Sci...340..448A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.769.4180 . PMID 23620056. arXiv:1304.6875 . doi:10.1126/science.1233232
- ↑ «PSR J1748-2446ad is the fastest-spinning pulsar known, at 716 Hz, or 716 times a second. This pulsar was discovered by Jason W. T. Hessels… | Astro Sci | Pinterest». Pinterest. Consultado em 16 de setembro de 2018
- ↑ Ho, Wynn C. G.; Kaplan, David L.; Chang, Philip; van Adelsberg, Matthew; Potekhin, Alexander Y. (1 de março de 2007). «Magnetic Hydrogen Atmosphere Models and the Neutron Star RX J1856.5-3754». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 375 (3): 821–830. ISSN 0035-8711. arXiv:astro-ph/0612145 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11376.x
- ↑ a b Andrea Thompson (1 April 2008). «Smallest Black Hole Found». Space.com Verifique data em:
|data=
(ajuda) - ↑ a b Mereghetti, S.; Pintore, F.; Rauch, T.; La Palombara, N.; Esposito, P.; Geier, S.; Pelisoli, I.; Rigoselli, M.; Schaffenroth, V.; Tiengo, A. (April 10, 2021). «New X-ray observations of the hot subdwarf binary HD 49798/RX J0648.0–4418». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 504: 920–925. arXiv:2104.03867 . doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1004 Verifique data em:
|data=
(ajuda) - ↑ Caiazzo, Ilaria; Burdge, Kevin; Fuller, James; Heyl, Jeremy; Kulkarni, Shri; Prince, Thomas; Richer, Harvey; Schwab, Josiah; Andreoni, Igor (9 de novembro de 2020). «A moon-sized, highly magnetised and rapidly rotating white dwarf may be headed toward collapse». dx.doi.org. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-99143/v1. Consultado em 29 de novembro de 2020
- ↑ Kuiper, G. P. (February 1936). «The White Dwarf A.C.+70°8247, the Smallest Star Known». Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 30: 48. Bibcode:1936JRASC..30...48K Verifique data em:
|data=
(ajuda) - ↑ Barstow, M. A.; Holberg, J. B.; Koester, D. (1 de outubro de 1994). «Extreme-ultraviolet spectrophotometry of HD 15638 and HR 8210 (IK Peg).». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 270 (3): 516–522. Bibcode:1994MNRAS.270..516B. ISSN 0035-8711. doi:10.1093/mnras/270.3.516
- ↑ Peter Thejll; Harry L. Shipman (1986). «Temperature, radius, and rotational velocity of Sirius B» (publicado em October 1986). Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 98 (608): 922–926. Bibcode:1986PASP...98..922T. ISSN 0004-6280. JSTOR 40678784. doi:10.1086/131845 Verifique data em:
|data-publicacao=
(ajuda) - ↑ Wegner, Gary; Reid, I. N.; McMahan, Robert K. Jr. (July 1991). «Gravitational redshift for the Pleiad white dwarf LB 1497». The Astrophysical Journal. 376. 186 páginas. Bibcode:1991ApJ...376..186W. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/170266 Verifique data em:
|data=
(ajuda) - ↑ Emily M. Levesque; Philip Massey; Bertrand Plez; Knut A. G. Olsen (June 2009). «The Physical Properties of the Red Supergiant WOH G64: The Largest Star Known?». Astronomical Journal. 137 (6): 4744. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.4744L. arXiv:0903.2260 . doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4744 Verifique data em:
|data=
(ajuda) - ↑ J. L. Provencal; H. L. Shipman; F. Wesemael; P. Bergeron; H. E. Bond; James Liebert; E. M. Sion (30 September 1996). «Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 Photometry of the Bright, Mysterious White Dwarf Procyon B» (publicado em 10 May 1997). The Astrophysical Journal. 480 (2): 777–783. Bibcode:1997ApJ...480..777P. doi:10.1086/304003 Verifique data em:
|data-publicacao=, |data=
(ajuda) - ↑ Subasavage, John P.; Jao, Wei-Chun; Henry, Todd J.; Bergeron, P.; Dufour, P.; Ianna, Philip A.; Costa, Edgardo; Mendez, Rene A. (1 de junho de 2009). «The Solar Neighborhood. XXI. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9m Program: 20 New Members of the 25 Parsec White Dwarf Sample». The Astronomical Journal. 137 (6): 4547–4560. ISSN 0004-6256. arXiv:0902.0627 . doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4547
- ↑ Reach, William T.; Lisse, Carey; von Hippel, Ted; Mullally, Fergal (1 de março de 2009). «The Dust Cloud around the White Dwarf G 29-38. II. Spectrum from 5 to 40 μm and Mid-Infrared Photometric Variability». The Astrophysical Journal. 693: 697–712. Bibcode:2009ApJ...693..697R. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/1/697
- ↑ a b Giammichele, N.; Fontaine, G.; Brassard, P.; Charpinet, S. (1 de março de 2016). «A New Analysis of the Two Classical ZZ Ceti White Dwarfs GD 165 and Ross 548. II. Seismic Modeling». The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 223. 10 páginas. Bibcode:2016ApJS..223...10G. ISSN 0067-0049. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/223/1/10
- ↑ Ruiz, María Teresa; Bergeron, P.; Leggett, S. K.; Anguita, Claudio (20 de dezembro de 1995). «The Extremely Low Luminosity White Dwarf ESO 439−26». The Astrophysical Journal. 455 (2): L159. Bibcode:1995ApJ...455L.159R. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/309845
- ↑ Holberg, J. B.; Sion, E. M.; Oswalt, T.; McCook, G. P.; Foran, S.; Subasavage, John P. (1 de abril de 2008). «A New Look at the Local White Dwarf Population». The Astronomical Journal. 135 (4): 1225–1238. Bibcode:2008AJ....135.1225H. ISSN 0004-6256. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/4/1225
- ↑ Giammichele, N.; Bergeron, P.; Dufour, P. (April 2012). «Know Your Neighborhood: A Detailed Model Atmosphere Analysis of Nearby White Dwarfs». The Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 199 (2): 29. Bibcode:2012ApJS..199...29G. arXiv:1202.5581 . doi:10.1088/0067-0049/199/2/29 Verifique data em:
|data=
(ajuda) Based on log L/Predefinição:Solar luminosity = −3.77. - ↑ Vanderburg, Andrew; Rappaport, Saul A.; Xu, Siyi; Crossfield, Ian; Becker, Juliette C.; Gary, Bruce; Murgas, Felipe; Blouin, Simon; Kaye, Thomas G.; Palle, Enric; Melis, Carl; Morris, Brett; Kreidberg, Laura; Gorjian, Varoujan; Morley, Caroline V. (17 de setembro de 2020). «A Giant Planet Candidate Transiting a White Dwarf». Nature. 585 (7825): 363–367. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 32939071. arXiv:2009.07282 . doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2713-y. hdl:1721.1/129733
- ↑ Andrew Vanderburg; John Asher Johnson; Saul Rappaport; Allyson Bieryla; Jonathan Irwin; John Arban Lewis; David Kipping; Warren R. Brown; Patrick Dufour; David R. Ciardi; Ruth Angus; Laura Schaefer; David W. Latham; David Charbonneau; Charles Beichman; Jason Eastman; Nate McCrady; Robert A. Wittenmyer; Jason T. Wright (11 June 2015). «A disintegrating minor planet transiting a white dwarf» (PDF) (publicado em 22 October 2015). Nature. 526 (7574): 546–549. Bibcode:2015Natur.526..546V. PMID 26490620. arXiv:1510.06387 . doi:10.1038/nature15527 Verifique data em:
|data-publicacao=, |data=
(ajuda) - ↑ a b Bayliss, D.; Hojjatpanah, S.; Santerne, A.; Dragomir, D.; Zhou, G.; Shporer, A.; Colón, K. D.; Almenara, J.; Armstrong, D. J.; Barrado, D.; Barros, S. C. C.; Bento, J.; Boisse, I.; Bouchy, F.; Brown, D. J. A. (1 de janeiro de 2017). «EPIC 201702477b: A Transiting Brown Dwarf from K2 in a 41 day Orbit». The Astronomical Journal. 153. 15 páginas. Bibcode:2017AJ....153...15B. ISSN 0004-6256. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/15. hdl:1721.1/109493
- ↑ a b King, Robert R.; McCaughrean, Mark J.; Homeier, Derek; Allard, France; Scholz, Ralf-Dieter; Lodieu, Nicolas (February 2010). «Epsilon Indi Ba, Bb: a detailed study of the nearest known brown dwarfs». Astronomy and Astrophysics. 510: A99. ISSN 0004-6361. arXiv:0911.3143 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912981 Verifique data em:
|data=
(ajuda) - ↑ a b c Montet, Benjamin T.; Johnson, John Asher; Muirhead, Philip S.; Villar, Ashley; Vassallo, Corinne; Baranec, Christoph; Law, Nicholas M.; Riddle, Reed; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Howard, Andrew W.; Isaacson, Howard (20 de fevereiro de 2015). «Characterizing the Cool KOIs. VII. Refined Physical Properties of the Transiting Brown Dwarf LHS 6343 C». The Astrophysical Journal. 800 (2). 134 páginas. ISSN 1538-4357. arXiv:1411.4047 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/800/2/134
- ↑ Luhman, K. L.; Patten, B. M.; Marengo, M.; Schuster, M. T.; Hora, J. L.; Ellis, R. G.; Stauffer, J. R.; Sonnett, S. M.; Winston, E.; Gutermuth, R. A.; Megeath, S. T.; Backman, D. E.; Henry, T. J.; Werner, M. W.; Fazio, G. G. (January 2007). «Discovery of Two T Dwarf Companions with the Spitzer Space Telescope». The Astrophysical Journal. 654 (1): 570–579. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0609464 . doi:10.1086/509073 Verifique data em:
|data=
(ajuda) - ↑ a b c Eric Mack (11 July 2017). «Saturn-sized star is the smallest ever discovered». cnet Verifique data em:
|data=
(ajuda) - ↑ a b c «Smallest-ever star discovered by astronomers». University of Cambridge. 2017
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(ajuda) - ↑ a b c Sergio B. Dieterich; Todd J. Henry; Wei-Chun Jao; Jennifer G. Winters; Altonio D. Hosey; Adric R. Riedel; John P. Subasavage (May 2014). «The Solar Neighborhood XXXII. The Hydrogen Burning Limit». The Astronomical Journal. 147 (5): 25. Bibcode:2014AJ....147...94D. arXiv:1312.1736 . doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/94. 94 Verifique data em:
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(ajuda) - ↑ Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Mainzer, Amanda K.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Beichman, Charles A.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Prato, Lisa A.; Simcoe, Robert A.; Marley, Mark S.; Saumon, D.; Freedman, Richard S.; Eisenhardt, Peter R. (23 de agosto de 2011). «The Discovery of Y Dwarfs Using Data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)». The Astrophysical Journal (em inglês). 743: 50. arXiv:1108.4678v1 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/1/50
- ↑ Leggett, S. K.; Cushing, M. C.; Saumon, D.; Marley, M. S.; Roellig, T. L.; Warren, S. J.; Burningham, B.; Jones, H. R. A.; Kirkpatrick, J. D.; Lodieu, N.; Lucas, P. W.; Mainzer, A. K.; Martin, E. L.; McCaughrean, M. J.; Pinfield, D. J. (20 de abril de 2009). «The Physical Properties of Four ~600K T Dwarfs». The Astrophysical Journal. 695 (2): 1517–1526. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:0901.4093 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1517
- ↑ Dupuy, Trent J.; Kraus, Adam L. (27 de setembro de 2013). «Distances, Luminosities, and Temperatures of the Coldest Known Substellar Objects». Science. 341 (6153): 1492–1495. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 24009359. arXiv:1309.1422 . doi:10.1126/science.1241917
- ↑ Tannock, Megan E.; Metchev, Stanimir; Heinze, Aren; Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Gagné, Jonathan; Burgasser, Adam; Marley, Mark S.; Apai, Dániel; Suárez, Genaro; Plavchan, Peter (1 de maio de 2021). «Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-Cool Dwarfs». The Astronomical Journal. 161 (5). 224 páginas. ISSN 0004-6256. arXiv:2103.01990 . doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abeb67
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- ↑ Stephens, D. C.; Leggett, S. K.; Cushing, Michael C.; Marley, Mark S.; Saumon, D.; Geballe, T. R.; Golimowski, David A.; Fan, Xiaohui; Noll, K. S. (1 de setembro de 2009). «The 0.8-14.5 micron Spectra of Mid-L to Mid-T Dwarfs: Diagnostics of Effective Temperature, Grain Sedimentation, Gas Transport, and Surface Gravity». The Astrophysical Journal. 702 (1): 154–170. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:0906.2991 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/702/1/154
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(ajuda) - ↑ Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L. (10 de setembro de 2015). «Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime». The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2). 158 páginas. ISSN 1538-4357. arXiv:1508.01767 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158
- ↑ Vos, Johanna M.; Biller, Beth A.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Liu, Michael C.; Metchev, Stanimir; Eriksson, Simon; Manjavacas, Elena; Dupuy, Trent J.; Janson, Markus; Radigan-Hoffman, Jacqueline; Crossfield, Ian; Bonnefoy, Mickael; Best, William M. J.; Homeier, Derek (24 de junho de 2020). «Spitzer Variability Properties of Low-Gravity L Dwarfs». The Astronomical Journal. 160 (1). 38 páginas. ISSN 1538-3881. arXiv:2005.12854 . doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab9642. hdl:1721.1/132407.2
- ↑ Tsuji, Takashi; Nakajima, Tadashi (1 de fevereiro de 2016). «Near-infrared spectroscopy of M dwarfs. III. Carbon and oxygen abundances in late M dwarfs, including the dusty rapid rotator 2MASSI J1835379+325954†». Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 68. 13 páginas. Bibcode:2016PASJ...68...13T. ISSN 0004-6264. doi:10.1093/pasj/psv119
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(ajuda) - ↑ Lienhard, F.; Queloz, D.; Gillon, M.; Burdanov, A.; Delrez, L.; Ducrot, E.; Handley, W.; Jehin, E.; Murray, C. A.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; Gillen, E.; Mortier, A.; Rackham, B. V. (21 de setembro de 2020). «Global Analysis of the TRAPPIST Ultra-Cool Dwarf Transit Survey». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 497 (3): 3790–3808. ISSN 0035-8711. arXiv:2007.07278 . doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2054
- ↑ Morin, J.; Donati, J. F.; Petit, P.; Delfosse, X.; Forveille, T.; Jardine, M. M. (20 de julho de 2010). «Large-scale magnetic topologies of late M dwarfs». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 407 (4): 2269–2286. arXiv:1005.5552 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17101.x
- ↑ a b Robert Roy Britt (3 March 2005). «Newfound Star Smaller than Some Planets». Space.com Verifique data em:
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(ajuda) - ↑ a b Jonathan O'Callaghan; Josh Barker (National Space Centre) (22 March 2013). «What is the smallest star?». SpaceAnswers.com Verifique data em:
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(ajuda) - ↑ a b Pont, F.; Melo, C. H. F.; Bouchy, F.; Udry, S.; Queloz, D.; Mayor, M.; Santos, N. C. (27 January 2005). «A planet-sized transiting star around OGLE-TR-122. Accurate mass and radius near the hydrogen-burning limit» (publicado em April 2005). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 433 (2): L21–L24. Bibcode:2005A&A...433L..21P. arXiv:astro-ph/0501611 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200500025 Verifique data em:
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(ajuda) - ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Pineda, J. Sebastian; Youngblood, Allison; France, Kevin (1 de setembro de 2021). «The M-dwarf Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Sample I. Determining Stellar Parameters for Field Stars». The Astrophysical Journal. 918 (1). 40 páginas. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:2106.07656 . doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac0aea
- ↑ «trappist 1 radius - Google Search». www.google.com. Consultado em 13 de setembro de 2018
- ↑ Line, Michael R.; Marley, Mark S.; Liu, Michael C.; Burningham, Ben; Morley, Caroline V.; Hinkel, Natalie R.; Teske, Johanna; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Lupu, Roxana; Freedman, Richard (13 de outubro de 2017). «Uniform Atmospheric Retrieval Analysis of Ultracool Dwarfs II: Properties of 11 T-dwarfs». The Astrophysical Journal. 848 (2). 83 páginas. ISSN 1538-4357. arXiv:1612.02809 . doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7ff0
- ↑ a b c d Mann, Andrew W.; Feiden, Gregory A.; Gaidos, Eric; Boyajian, Tabetha; von Braun, Kaspar (1 de maio de 2015). «How to Constrain Your M Dwarf: measuring effective temperature, bolometric luminosity, mass, and radius». The Astrophysical Journal. 804 (1). 64 páginas. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:1501.01635 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/64. hdl:2152/34940
- ↑ Mascareño, A. Suárez; González-Álvarez, E.; Osorio, M. R. Zapatero; Lillo-Box, J.; Faria, J. P.; Passegger, V. M.; Hernández, J. I. González; Figueira, P.; Sozzetti, A.; Rebolo, R.; Pepe, F.; Santos, N. C.; Cristiani, S.; Lovis, C.; Silva, A. M. (28 de novembro de 2022). «Two temperate Earth-mass planets orbiting the nearby star GJ1002». Astronomy & Astrophysics. 670: A5. ISSN 0004-6361. arXiv:2212.07332 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244991
- ↑ Delfosse, Xavier; et al. (December 2000), «Accurate masses of very low mass stars. IV. Improved mass-luminosity relations», Astronomy and Astrophysics, 364: 217–224, Bibcode:2000A&A...364..217D, arXiv:astro-ph/0010586 Verifique data em:
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(ajuda) - ↑ Kervella, P.; Thévenin, F.; Lovis, C. (February 2017). «Proxima's orbit around Alpha Centauri». Astronomy & Astrophysics. 598: L7. ISSN 0004-6361. arXiv:1611.03495 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629930 Verifique data em:
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(ajuda) - ↑ Reed, M. D.; Yeager, M.; Vos, J.; Telting, J. H.; Østensen, R. H.; Slayton, A.; Baran, A. S.; Jeffery, C. S. (1 de março de 2020). «K2 observations of the pulsating subdwarf B stars UY Sex and V1405 Ori». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 492 (4): 5202–5217. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.492.5202R. ISSN 0035-8711. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa144
- ↑ Mann, Andrew W.; Dupuy, Trent; Muirhead, Philip S.; Johnson, Marshall C.; Liu, Michael C.; Ansdell, Megan; Dalba, Paul A.; Swift, Jonathan J.; Hadden, Sam (25 de maio de 2017). «The Gold Standard: Accurate Stellar and Planetary Parameters for Eight Kepler M dwarf Systems Enabled by Parallaxes». The Astronomical Journal. 153 (6). 267 páginas. ISSN 1538-3881. arXiv:1705.01545 . doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa7140
- ↑ a b Brown-Sevilla, S. B.; Nascimbeni, V.; Borsato, L.; Tartaglia, L.; Nardiello, D.; Granata, V.; Libralato, M.; Damasso, M.; Piotto, G.; Pollacco, D.; West, R. G.; Colombo, L. S.; Cunial, A.; Piazza, G.; Scaggiante, F. (19 de julho de 2021). «A new photometric and dynamical study of the eclipsing binary star HW Virginis». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 506 (2): 2122–2135. ISSN 0035-8711. arXiv:2106.15632 . doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1843
- ↑ Pinamonti, M.; Damasso, M.; Marzari, F.; Sozzetti, A.; Desidera, S.; Maldonado, J.; Scandariato, G.; Affer, L.; Lanza, A. F.; Bignamini, A.; Bonomo, A. S.; Borsa, F.; Claudi, R.; Cosentino, R.; Giacobbe, P. (September 2018). «The HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N@TNG VIII. Gl15A: A multiple wide planetary system sculpted by binary interaction». Astronomy & Astrophysics. 617: A104. ISSN 0004-6361. arXiv:1804.03476 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732535 Verifique data em:
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(ajuda) - ↑ Kossakowski, D.; Kürster, M.; Trifonov, T.; Henning, Th; Kemmer, J.; Caballero, J. A.; Burn, R.; Sabotta, S.; Crouse, J. S.; Fauchez, T. J.; Nagel, E.; Kaminski, A.; Herrero, E.; Rodríguez, E.; González-Álvarez, E. (February 2023). «The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, Wolf 1069 b: Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a nearby, very low-mass star». Astronomy & Astrophysics. 670: A84. ISSN 0004-6361. arXiv:2301.02477 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245322 Verifique data em:
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(ajuda) - ↑ Vallenari, A.; Brown, A. G. A.; Prusti, T. (13 de junho de 2022). «Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties». Astronomy & Astrophysics (em inglês). ISSN 0004-6361. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940
- ↑ Demory, B.-O.; Segransan, D.; Forveille, T.; Queloz, D.; Beuzit, J.-L.; Delfosse, X.; Di Folco, E.; Kervella, P.; Bouquin, J.-B. Le; Perrier, C. (October 2009). «Mass-radius relation of low and very low-mass stars revisited with the VLTI». Astronomy & Astrophysics. 505 (1): 205–215. ISSN 0004-6361. arXiv:0906.0602 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200911976 Verifique data em:
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(ajuda) - ↑ Mann, Andrew W.; Feiden, Gregory A.; Gaidos, Eric; Boyajian, Tabetha; von Braun, Kaspar (1 de maio de 2015). «How to Constrain Your M Dwarf: measuring effective temperature, bolometric luminosity, mass, and radius». The Astrophysical Journal. 804 (1). 64 páginas. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/64
- ↑ DEDIEU, cyril. «Notes for Planet KOI-55 b». Consultado em 12 de novembro de 2022. Cópia arquivada em 19 de janeiro de 2012
- ↑ Newton, Elisabeth R.; Mondrik, Nicholas; Irwin, Jonathan; Winters, Jennifer G.; Charbonneau, David (18 de outubro de 2018). «New rotation period measurements for M dwarfs in the southern hemisphere: an abundance of slowly rotating, fully convective stars». The Astronomical Journal. 156 (5). 217 páginas. ISSN 1538-3881. arXiv:1807.09365 . doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aad73b
- ↑ Berdyugina, S. V.; Harrington, D. M.; Kuzmychov, O.; Kuhn, J. R.; Hallinan, G.; Kowalski, A. F.; Hawley, S. L. (20 de setembro de 2017). «First Detection of a Strong Magnetic Field on a Bursty Brown Dwarf: Puzzle Solved». The Astrophysical Journal. 847 (1). 61 páginas. ISSN 1538-4357. arXiv:1709.02861 . doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa866b
- ↑ Morin, J.; Donati, J.-F.; Petit, P.; Delfosse, X.; Forveille, T.; Jardine, M. M. (2010). «Large-scale magnetic topologies of late M dwarfs★». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 407 (4): 2269–2286. arXiv:1005.5552 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17101.x. Consultado em 6 de novembro de 2022
- ↑ «Kepler-1649 | NASA Exoplanet Archive». exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu. Consultado em 15 de janeiro de 2023
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(ajuda) - ↑ Johnson, H. M.; Wright, C. D. (1983). «Predicted infrared brightness of stars within 25 parsecs of the sun». Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 53: 643–711. Bibcode:1983ApJS...53..643J. doi:10.1086/190905—see p. 693.
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(ajuda) - ↑ J.C. Morales; I. Ribas; C. Jordi; G. Torres; J. Gallardo; E.F. Guinan; D. Charbonneau; M. Wolf; D.W. Latham; G. Anglada-Escudé; D.H. Bradstreet; M.E. Everett; F.T. O'Donovan; G. Mandushev; R.D. Mathieu (2009) [8 October 2008]. «Absolute properties of the low-mass eclipsing binary CM Draconis» (publicado em February 2009). The Astrophysical Journal. 691 (2): 1400–1411. Bibcode:2009ApJ...691.1400M. arXiv:0810.1541 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/1400 Verifique data em:
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(ajuda) - ↑ Fekel, Francis C; Hinkle, Kenneth H; Joyce, Richard R; Skrutskie, Michael F (2000). «Infrared Spectroscopy of Symbiotic Stars. II. Orbits for Five S-Type Systems with Two-Year Periods». The Astronomical Journal. 120 (6). 3255 páginas. Bibcode:2000AJ....120.3255F. doi:10.1086/316872
- ↑ von Braun, Kaspar; Boyajian, Tabetha S.; Brummelaar, Theo A. ten; Kane, Stephen R.; van Belle, Gerard T.; Ciardi, David R.; Raymond, Sean N.; Lopez-Morales, Mercedes; McAlister, Harold A.; Schaefer, Gail; Ridgway, Stephen T.; Sturmann, Laszlo; Sturmann, Judit; White, Russel; Turner, Nils H. (10 de outubro de 2011). «55 Cancri: Stellar Astrophysical Parameters, a Planet in the Habitable Zone, and Implications for the Radius of a Transiting Super-Earth». The Astrophysical Journal. 740 (1). 49 páginas. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:1106.1152 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/740/1/49
- ↑ Lustig-Yaeger, J.; Fu, G.; May, E. M.; Ceballos, K. N. Ortiz; Moran, S. E.; Peacock, S.; Stevenson, K. B.; López-Morales, M.; MacDonald, R. J.; Mayorga, L. C.; Sing, D. K.; Sotzen, K. S.; Valenti, J. A.; Adams, J.; Alam, M. K. (10 de janeiro de 2023). «A JWST transmission spectrum of a nearby Earth-sized exoplanet». arXiv:2301.04191 [astro-ph.EP]
- ↑ Drummond, Jack D.; Christou, Julian C.; Fugate, Robert Q. (1 de setembro de 1995). «Full Adaptive Optics Images of ADS 9731 and MU Cassiopeiae: Orbits and Masses». The Astrophysical Journal. 450. 380 páginas. Bibcode:1995ApJ...450..380D. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/176148
- ↑ Guinan, Edward F.; Engle, Scott G.; Durbin, Allyn (13 de abril de 2016). «Living with a Red Dwarf: Rotation and X-ray and Ultraviolet Properties of the Halo Population Kapteyn's Star». The Astrophysical Journal. 821 (2). 81 páginas. ISSN 1538-4357. arXiv:1602.01912 . doi:10.3847/0004-637X/821/2/81
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(ajuda) - ↑ Nidever, David L.; et al. (August 2002). «Radial Velocities for 889 Late-Type Stars». The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 141 (2): 503–522. Bibcode:2002ApJS..141..503N. arXiv:astro-ph/0112477 . doi:10.1086/340570 Verifique data em:
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(ajuda) - ↑ Phan-Bao, N.; Martin, E. L.; Donati, J.-F.; Lim, J. (20 de julho de 2006). «Magnetic fields in M dwarfs: rapid magnetic field variability in EV Lac». The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (1): L73–L76. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:astro-ph/0603480 . doi:10.1086/506591
- ↑ Stock, S.; Nagel, E.; Kemmer, J.; Passegger, V. M.; Reffert, S.; Quirrenbach, A.; Caballero, J. A.; Czesla, S.; Béjar, V. J. S.; Cardona, C.; Díez-Alonso, E.; Herrero, E.; Lalitha, S.; Schlecker, M.; Tal-Or, L. (November 2020). «The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Three temperate to warm super-Earths». Astronomy & Astrophysics. 643: A112. ISSN 0004-6361. arXiv:2010.00474 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038820 Verifique data em:
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(ajuda) - ↑ a b «ISDB search results». www.stellar-database.com. Consultado em 2 de fevereiro de 2023
- ↑ «Teide 1 Radius - Google Search». www.google.com. Consultado em 5 de setembro de 2018
- ↑ Latif, R.; Rizvi, S.; Lamb, J.; Pugh, G. (2019). «P4 6 A Brown Sun?» (PDF). Journal of Physics Special Topics Parâmetro desconhecido
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ignorado (ajuda) - ↑ Reiners, A.; Basri, G.; Browning, M. (10 de fevereiro de 2009). «Evidence for Magnetic Flux Saturation in Rapidly Rotating M Stars». The Astrophysical Journal. 692 (1): 538–545. ISSN 0004-637X. arXiv:0810.5139 . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/692/1/538. hdl:10871/10302
- ↑ a b Demory, Brice-Olivier; Ségransan, Damien; Forveille, Thierry; Queloz, Didier; Beuzit, Jean-Luc; Delfosse, Xavier; Di Folco, Emmanuel; Kervella, Pierre; Le Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste; Perrier, Christian; Benisty, Myriam; Duvert, Gilles; Hofmann, Karl-Heinz; Lopez, Bruno; Petrov, Romain (October 2009). «Mass-radius relation of low and very low-mass stars revisited with the VLTI». Astronomy and Astrophysics. 505 (1): 205–215. Bibcode:2009A&A...505..205D. arXiv:0906.0602 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200911976 Verifique data em:
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(ajuda) - ↑ Schweitzer, Andreas; Passegger, V. M.; Cifuentes, C.; Bejar, V. J. S.; Cortes-Contreras, M.; Caballero, J. A.; del Burgo, C.; Czesla, S.; Kuerster, M.; Montes, D.; Osorio, M. R. Zapatero; Ribas, I.; Reiners, A.; Quirrenbach, A.; Amado, P. J. (May 2019). «The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Different roads to radii and masses of the target stars». Astronomy & Astrophysics. 625: A68. ISSN 0004-6361. arXiv:1904.03231 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834965 Verifique data em:
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(ajuda) - ↑ Berdiñas, Z. M.; Rodríguez-López, C.; Amado, P. J.; Anglada-Escudé, G.; Barnes, J. R.; MacDonald, J.; Zechmeister, M.; Sarmiento, L. F. (2017). «High-cadence spectroscopy of M-dwarfs – II. Searching for stellar pulsations with HARPS». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 469 (4): 4268–4282. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1140. Consultado em 18 de fevereiro de 2023
- ↑ Affer, L.; Damasso, M.; Micela, G.; Poretti, E.; Scandariato, G.; Maldonado, J.; Lanza, A. F.; Covino, E.; Rubio, A. Garrido; Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez; Gratton, R.; Leto, G.; Maggio, A.; Perger, M.; Sozzetti, A. (February 2019). «HADES RV program with HARPS-N at TNG. IX. A super-Earth around the M dwarf Gl686». Astronomy & Astrophysics. 622: A193. ISSN 0004-6361. arXiv:1901.05338 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834868 Verifique data em:
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(ajuda) - ↑ Gilbert, Emily A.; Barclay, Thomas; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Quintana, Elisa V.; Hord, Benjamin J.; Kostov, Veselin B.; Lopez, Eric D.; Rowe, Jason F.; Hoffman, Kelsey; Walkowicz, Lucianne M.; Silverstein, Michele L.; Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Suissa, Gabrielle; Airapetian, Vladimir S. (14 de agosto de 2020). «The First Habitable Zone Earth-sized Planet from TESS. I: Validation of the TOI-700 System». The Astronomical Journal. 160 (3). 116 páginas. ISSN 1538-3881. arXiv:2001.00952 . doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aba4b2
- ↑ «The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia — Catalog Listing». exoplanet.eu. Consultado em 10 de janeiro de 2023
- ↑ Sander, A.; Hamann, W. -R.; Todt, H. (1 de abril de 2012). «The Galactic WC stars. Stellar parameters from spectral analyses indicate a new evolutionary sequence». Astronomy and Astrophysics. 540: A144. Bibcode:2012A&A...540A.144S. ISSN 0004-6361. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117830
- ↑ Houdebine, E. R.; Mullan, D. J.; Paletou, F.; Gebran, M. (11 de maio de 2016). «The Rotation-Activity Correlations in K and M dwarfs. I. Stellar parameters, compilations of $v\sin i$ and $P/\sin i$ for a large sample of late-K and M dwarfs». The Astrophysical Journal. 822 (2). 97 páginas. ISSN 1538-4357. arXiv:1604.07920 . doi:10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/97
- ↑ Garmany, Katy. «NOAO/SOAR: Where do stars end and brown dwarfs begin?». National Optical Astronomy Observatory. Consultado em 14 December 2013 Verifique data em:
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