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Usuário(a):Philosp/Lista de nomes tradicionais de personagens bíblicos anônimos

Moisés resgatado do Nilo de Nicolas Poussin (1638) mostra a filha do Faraó, que embora anônima na Bíblia, é chamada Bitiah na tradição judaica.

Esta é uma lista de personagens que não possuem nome na Bíblia, porém receberam nomes na tradição judaica, islâmica e cristã.

Bíblia Hebraica/Velho Testamento

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Esposas dos patriarcas antediluvianos

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Patriarca Esposa
Caim Âwân
Nod [1]
Sete Azûrâ
Enos Nôâm
Quenan Mûalêlêth
Mahalalel Dinah
Jarede Baraka
Enoque Edna
Metusalém Edna
Lameque (da linhagem de Sete) Betenos
Noé Emzârâ
Naamah [1]
Ver também: Cronologia bíblica do Velho Testamento § Período antediluviano, e l1:Período antediluviano
Fonte: Livro dos Jubileus, (parte do deuterocânone ortodoxo oriental)
Citado na Bíblia em: Gênesis 4-5

O Livro dos Jubileus descreve os nomes de vários personagens bíblicos que não são nomeados no texto canônico, inclusive as esposas da maioria dos patriarcas antediluvianos. A última delas, a esposa de Noé, é chamada de Emzara, enquanto fontes tradicionais judaicas fornecem diversos outros nomes.

O livro conta ainda que Awan foi a primeira filha de Adão e Eva. Sua segunda filha, Azura, casou-se com Sete.

No caso das esposas dos primeiros patriarcas, Jubileus nota que estes casaram-se com suas próprias irmãs.

O livro Caverna dos Tesouros e o Kitab al-Magal (partes da Literatura Clementina) dão nomes inteiramente diferentes para as esposas dos patriarcas, com variações consideráveis entre as versões destes textos.

O historiador muçulmano ibne Ixaque (c. 750 EC), citado por Atabari (c. 915 EC), lhes dá nomes similares aos citados em Jubileus. Ele as descreve, no entanto, como descendentes de Caim ao invés de Sete, apesar de claramente contradizer-se dizendo que nenhum dos ancestrais de Noé teriam sido da linhagem de Caim.

Irmãs de Caim e Abel

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Ver também: Caim e Abel
Nome: Calmana
Fonte: Legenda Áurea [2] que também conta histórias sobre vários santos
Citado na Bíblia em: Gênesis 4:17
Nome: Delbora
Fonte: Legenda Áurea [2] que também conta histórias sobre vários santos
Citado na Bíblia em: Gênesis 4

Ver também: Balbira e Kalmana para seus nomes em outras tradições.

Esposa de Noé

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Ver também: Noé
Nome: Naamah
Fonte: Midrash Genesis Rabah 23:4
Citado na Bíblia em: Gênesis 4:22; Gen. 7:7

Filha de Lameque e Zillah e irmã de Tubalcaim (Gen. 4:22). De acordo com Abba ben Kahana, a esposa de Noé era chamada "Naamah" (agradável) porque sua conduta agradava a Deus. Mas a maioria dos rabinos rejeitaram esta interpretação, dizendo que Naamah era uma mulher idólatra que cantava músicas agradáveis para seus ídolos.

Filha de Cam

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Nome: Egyptus
Fonte: Livro de Abraão

O Livro de Abraão mórmon, publicado em 1842, menciona o nome de Egyptus (Abraham 1:23) como sendo a esposa de Cam, sendo também o nome de sua filiha.

Esposa de Nimrod

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Ver também: Nimrod (rei) e l1:Nimrod
Nome: Semiramis
Fonte: As Duas Babilônias de Alexander Hislop

Um grande número de lendas surgiu em torno do nome de Nimrod, cuja breve menção em Gênesis o descreve simplesmente como "um poderoso caçador perante o Senhor". Estas lendas geralmente atribuem a Nimrod uma personalidade sinistra, alcançando seu ápice com As Duas Babilônias de Hislop, que torna a Nimrod e Semiramis nos autores de todas as religiões falsas ou pagãs.

Mãe de Abraão

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Nome: Amtalai bat (filha de) Khrubu
Fonte: Talmude Babilônico, Tratado Baba Batra, capítulo 5[3]

Filhas de Ló

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Nomes: Pheiné and Thamma
Fonte:
Nome: Paltith
Fonte: Livro de Jasher 19:24
[4]
Appears in the Bible at: Book of Genesis

Esposa de Ló

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Nome: Ado (ou Edith)
Fonte: Book of Jasher 19:52
[4]
Appears in the Bible at: Book of Genesis

Esposa de Labão

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Nome: Adinah
Fonte: Book of Jasher 28:28
[5]
Appears in the Bible at: Book of Genesis

Esposa de Potifar

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Joseph and Potiphar's Wife, by Guido Reni 1631
Ver também: Potifar
Nome: Zuleika ou Zulaikha
Fonte: Book of Jasher([1])
Appears in the Bible at: Gênesis 39:12

Potiphar's wife attempted to seduce Joseph in Egypt.

Filha do Faraó

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Nome: Merris
Fonte: Eusebius of Caesarea (Preparation for the Gospel 9.15)
Nome: Merrhoe
Fonte: Eustathius of Antioch (Commentary on Hexameron MPG 18.785)
Nome: Thermutis
Fonte: Flavius Josephus
Nome: Bithiah or Bitya
Fonte: Jewish tradition
Appears in the Bible at: Exodus 2

Pharaoh's daughter, who drew Moses out of the water, is known as Bithiah in Jewish tradition (identifying her with the "Pharaoh's daughter Bithiah" in 1 Chronicles 4:18).

Esposa de Simeão

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Nome: Bunah
Fonte: Book of Jasher 34:36[6] Legends of the Jews Volume 1 Chapter 6 [7]
Appears in the bible at: Genesis

Magos do Faraó

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Nomes: Jannes and Jambres
Fontes: 2 Timothy 3:8,[8] Book of Jasher chapter 79[9] Antiquities of the Jews Book 2 [10] Aquarian Gospel of Jesus the Christ Chapter 109 [11] Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. VIII[12] Easton's Bible Dictionary[13] The Book of the Bee Chapter 30 [14] Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Vol. XIII [15] Legends of the Jews Volume 2 Chapter 4,[16] Chronicles of Jerahmeel, Papyrus Chester Beatty XVI: The Apocryphon of Jannes and Jambres
Appears in the Bible at: Êxodo 7

The names of Jannes and Jambres, or Jannes and Mambres, were well known through the ancient world as magicians. In this instance, nameless characters from the Hebrew Bible are given names in the New Testament. Their names also appear in numerous Jewish texts.

Esposa de Moisés

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Nome:Zípora Fonte:Exodo 2.21

Nome: Tharbis
Fonte: Flavius Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, Book II, Chapter 10 [17]
Appears in the Bible at: Numbers 12
Nome: Adoniah
Fonte: Book of Jasher, 23.5-25.5
 
Georges de La Tour,
Jó admoestado por sua mulher.

Esposas de Jó

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Nomes: Sitis, Dinah
Fonte: The apocryphal Testament of Job [18]
Appears in the Bible at: Book of Job

Apocryphal Jewish folklore says that Sitis, or Sitidos, was Job's first wife, who died during his trials. After his temptation was over, the same sources say that Job remarried Dinah, Jacob's daughter who appears in Genesis.

Nome: Raḥma
Fonte: Islamic tradition[19]

The source does not tell which wife of Job has this name.

Mãe de Sansão

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Nome: Z'llpunith
Fonte: Talmude Babilônico, Tratado Baba Batra, Capítulo 5[3]
Appears in the Bible at: Juízes 13

Filha de Jefté

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Nome: Seila
Fonte: Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum
Nome: Adah
Fonte: Order of the Eastern Star[20]
Appears in the Bible at: Judges 11

The Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum falsely ascribes itself to the Jewish author Philo. It in fact did not surface until the sixteenth century; see Works of Philo.

Mãe de David

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Name: Nzb'th daughter of Edal
Source: Babylonian Talmud Tractate Baba Bathra Chapter 5 (folio 91a)[3]
Appears in the Bible at: Book of Samuel

Bruxa de Endor

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Saul e a Bruxa de Endor de Jacob Cornelisz van Oostsanen, 1526.
Ver também: Bruxa de Endor
Nome: Zephaniah
Fonte: A Rabbinical midrash[21]
Nome: Sedecla
Fonte: Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum
Appears in the Bible at: 1 Samuel 28

According to a midrash on 1 Samuel 28, Zephaniah was the mother of Abner, Saul's cousin, and a military commander in Saul's army. (See 1 Samuel 14)

Mulher sábia de Abel-bete-Maaca

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Ver também: Seba
Nome: Sera
Fonte: Midrash[22]
Appears in the Bible at: 2 Samuel 20

Rainha de Sabá

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Um afresco etíope da Rainha de Sabá viajando para visitar Salomão.
Ver também: Rainha de Sabá
Nome: Makeda
Fonte: Traditional Ethiopian lore surrounding Emperor Menelik I; see the Kebra Nagast
Nome: Nicaule
Fonte: Josephus
Nome: Bilqis
Fonte: Islamic traditions
Appears in the Bible at: 1 Kings 10; 2 Books of Chronicles 9

According to Ethiopian traditions, the Queen of Sheba returned to Ethiopia pregnant with King Solomon's child. She bore Solomon a son that went on to found a dynasty that ruled Ethiopia until the fall of Emperor Haile Selassie in 1974.

Mãe de Hamã

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Nome: Amtalai filha de Urbthi
Fonte: Talmude Babilônico, Tratado Baba Bathra, capítulo 5[3]
Appears in the Bible at: Book of Esther

Apócrifos/Livros Deuterocanônicos

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Martírio dos Sete Macabeus (1863) de Ciseri retrata a mulher com sete filhos.

Os livros deuterocanônicos, conhecidos também como "Apócrifos", considerados como canônicos por Católicos, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox (though with slightly different lists of books), but are considered non-canonical by Protestants.

A mulher com sete filhos

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The woman with seven sons is a Jewish martyr who is unnamed in 2 Maccabees 7, but is named Hannah, Miriam, Shamuna and Solomonia in other sources. According to Eastern Orthodox tradition, her sons, the "Holy Maccabean Martyrs" (not to be confused with the martyrs in the Ethiopian book of Meqabyan), are named Abim, Antonius, Gurias, Eleazar, Eusebonus, Alimus and Marcellus.

Os sete arcanjos

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Tobit 12:15 reads "I am Raphael, one of the seven holy angels, which present the prayers of the saints, and which go in and out before the glory of the Holy One."[23] Of the six unnamed archangels, Michael is named in the Book of Daniel, and Gabriel is named in the Gospel of Luke.

The Book of Enoch, deuterocanonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, names the remaining four archangels Uriel, Raguel, Zerachiel, and Ramiel.[24] Other sources name them Uriel, Izidkiel, Haniel, and Kepharel.[25] In the Coptic Orthodox Church the names of these four archangels are given as Suriel, Sedakiel, Sarathiel and Ananiel. Several other sets of names have also been given.

Novo Testamento

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The Three Wise Men are given the names Caspar, Melchior, and Balthasar in this late 6th century mosaic from the Basilica of Saint Apollinarius in Ravenna, Italy.

Reis Magos

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 Ver artigo principal: Biblical Magi
Names: Balthasar, Melqon, Gaspar
Source: Armenisches Kindheitsevangelium [26]
Names: Balthasar, Melchior, and Caspar (or Gaspar)
Source: European folklore
Names: Basanater, Hor, and Karsudan
Source: The Book of Adam, an apocryphal Ethiopian text
Names: Larvandad, Hormisdas, and Gushnasaph
Source: Syrian Christian folklore
Appear in the Bible at: Matthew 2

The Gospel does not state that there were, in fact, three magi or when exactly they visited Jesus, only that multiple magi brought three gifts: gold, frankincense, and myrrh. Nevertheless, the number of magi is usually extrapolated from the number of gifts, and the three wise men are a staple of Christian nativity scenes. While the European names have enjoyed the most publicity, other faith traditions have different versions. According to the Armenisches Kindheitsevangelium, the three magi were brothers and kings, namely Balthasar, king of India; Melqon, king of Persia; and Gaspar, king of Arabia. The Chinese Christian Church believes that the astronomer Liu Shang was one of the wise men.

Os pastores da natividade

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The Shepherds
 Ver artigo principal: Annunciation to the shepherds
Names: Asher, Zebulun, Justus, Nicodemus, Joseph, Barshabba, and Jose
Source: The Syrian Book of the Bee
Appear in the Bible at Luke 2

The Book of the Bee was written by Bishop Shelemon in the Aramaic language in the thirteenth century.

Irmãs/irmanastras/primas de Jesus

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Nome: Maria
Fonte: Gospel according to Phillipus [27]
Nomes: Lysia e Lydia
Fonte: History of Joseph the Carpenter [28]
Nomes: Maria ou Anna, Salomé
Fonte: Epiphanus[28]

The fact that Jesus had at least two sisters/stepsisters/female cousins is mentioned in Mark 3, 32–34 and Matthew 12, 50, though their exact number is not specified in either gospel. In addition, the various versions of Epiphanus differ on whether one of the sisters was named Maria or Anna.

Filha de Herodias

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Nome: Salomé
Fonte: The Jewish Antiquities of Josephus[29]
Appears in the Bible at: Matthew 14, Mark 6

Mulher cananeia

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Nome: Justa
Fonte: 3rd century pseudo-Clementine homily
Appears in the Bible at: Matthew 15, Mark 7

According to the same source, her daughter was Berenice.

Mulher com hemorragia

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Nome: Bernice
Fonte: The apocryphal Acts of Pilate
Nome: Veronica
Fonte: Latin translation of the Acts of Pilate
Appears in the Bible at: Predefinição:Bibleref

Veronica is a Latin variant of Berenice (em grego: Βερενίκη). According to the Acts of the Apostles, Veronica or Berenice obtained some of Jesus' blood on a cloth at the Crucifixion. Tradition identifies her with the woman who was healed of a bleeding discharge in the Gospel (see also: Veil of Veronica).

Samaritana do poço

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Nome: Photina
Fonte: Eastern Orthodox Church Tradition
Appears in the Bible at: John 4:5-42

In the tradition of the Eastern Orthodox Church, the woman at the well became a follower of Christ, was baptized, proclaimed the Gospel over a wide area, and was later martyred. She is recognized as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Homem rico

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Nome: Nineveh
Fonte: Coptic folklore
Nome: Phineas
Fonte: Pseudo-Cyprian, De pascha computus
Nome: Dives
Fonte: European Christian folklore
Appears in the Bible at: Predefinição:Bibleref

Dives is simply Latin for "rich", and as such may not count as a proper name. The story of the blessed Lazarus and the damned rich man is widely recognised under the title of Dives and Lazarus, which may have resulted in this word being taken for a proper name.

Mulher adúltera

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Nome: Mary Magdalene
Fonte: Western Christian tradition
Appears in the Bible at: John 8

A long standing Western Christian tradition first attested by Pope Gregory I identifies the woman taken in adultery with Mary Magdalene, and also with Mary of Bethany.[30] Jesus had exorcised seven demons out of Mary Magdalene (Mark Predefinição:Bibleverse-nb), and Mary Magdalene appears prominently in the several accounts of Jesus' entombment and resurrection, but there is no indication in the Bible that clearly states that Mary Magdalene was the same person as the adulteress forgiven by Jesus. Roman Catholics also have identified Mary Magdalene as the weeping woman who was a sinner, and who anoints Jesus' feet in [[:s:Tradução Brasileira da Bíblia//Erro: tempo inválido#Luke:7:36-50| Luke:7:36-50–KJV]], and while the Church has dropped this interpretation to a degree, this remains one of her more famous portrayals.

The Eastern Orthodox Church has never identified Mary Magdalene as either the woman taken in adultery, or the sinful woman who anointed Jesus' feet.

Homem cego de nascença

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Name: Celidonius
Source: Christian tradition
Appears in the Bible at: John Predefinição:Bibleverse-nb

Esposa de Pôncio Pilatos

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 Ver artigo principal: Pontius Pilate's wife
Nome: Claudia, Procla, Procula, Perpetua or Claudia Procles
Fonte: European folklore; Dolorous Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ (as "Claudia Procles")[31]
Appears in the Bible at: Predefinição:Bibleref

During the trial of Jesus the wife of Pontius Pilate sent a message to him saying, "Have nothing to do with that just man; for I have suffered many things this day in a dream because of him."

The proposed names of Procla and Procula may not be names at all, but simply a form of Pilate's official title of Procurator, indicating that she was the Procurator's wife.

Ladrões crucificados com Jesus

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Nomes: Zoathan and Chammata
Fonte: Gospel of Mark (Latin addition to the Greek text)[32]
Nomes: Zoatham and Camma
Fonte: Gospel of Matthew (Latin addition to the Greek text)[33]
Nomes: Joathas and Maggatras
Fonte: Gospel of Luke (Latin addition to the Greek text)[34]
Nomes: Titus and Dumachus
Fonte: Arabic Gospel of the Infancy of the Saviour
Nomes: Dismas and Gestas (or, Gesmas)
Fonte: Acts of Pilate
Appears in the Bible at: Matthew 27, Mark 15, Luke 23

Dismas is revered as a saint under that name by Roman Catholics.

Soldado que furou o lado de Jesus com uma lança

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Jesus tendo o lado furado por uma lança, Fra Angelico (c. 1440), Monastério Dominicano de San Marco, Florence.
Nome: Longino
Fonte: Acts of Pilate
Appears in the Bible at: John 19:34

In tradition he is called Cassius before his conversion to Christianity.[35] The Lance of Longinus, also known as the Spear of Destiny, is supposedly preserved as a relic, and various miracles are said to be worked through it.

Homem que ofereceu vinagre a Jesus

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Nome: Stephaton
Fonte: Codex Egberti, 10th century
Appears in the Bible at: Predefinição:Bibleref, Predefinição:Bibleref, & Predefinição:Bibleref

Guardas da tumba de Jesus

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Nome: Petronius
Fonte: Apocryphal Gospel of Peter
Nomes: Issachar, Gad, Matthias, Barnabas, Simon
Fonte: The Book of the Bee
Appears in the Bible at: Predefinição:Bibleref

Ver também

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Notas

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  1. ↑ a b Nod's Land
  2. ↑ a b Medieval Sourcebook: The Golden Legend: Volume 1 (full text)
  3. ↑ a b c d The Babylonian Talmud, Rodkinson tr., Book 7.: Tract Baba Bathra, Part I: Chapter V
  4. ↑ a b Book of Jasher, Chapter 19
  5. ↑ Book of Jasher, Chapter 28
  6. ↑ Book of Jasher, Chapter 34
  7. ↑ Chapter VI: Jacob
  8. ↑ BibleGateway.com - 2 Timothy 3:8
  9. ↑ Book of Jasher, Chapter 79
  10. ↑ http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/josephus/ant-2.htm
  11. ↑ Chapter 106
  12. ↑ Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol VIII: Apocrypha of the New Testament.: Chapter 5
  13. ↑ Easton's Bible Dictionary
  14. ↑ Chapter XXX - The History of Moses' Rod
  15. ↑ Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Vol. XIII: The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Timothy, Titus, and Philemon.: 2 Timothy 3:1-7
  16. ↑ Chapter IV: Moses in Egypt
  17. ↑ http://sacred-texts.com/jud/josephus/ant-2.htm
  18. ↑ JewishEncyclopedia.com - JOB, TESTAMENT OF:
  19. ↑ Eric Geoffroy et Néfissa Geoffroy : Le grand livre des prénoms arabes - Plus de 5500 prénoms classés par thèmes avec leurs correspondances en français, Albin Michel, 2009.
  20. ↑ Adah, South Carolina Order of the Eastern Star website.
  21. ↑ JewishEncyclopedia.com - ENDOR, THE WITCH OF
  22. ↑ Rashi on 2 Samuel 20:19.
  23. ↑ Tobit 12:15.
  24. ↑ Enoch XX.
  25. ↑ James Hastings, A Dictionary of the Bible: Volume IV, Part I: Pleroma–Shimon, 1898, reprinted 2004 by the Minerva Group, ISBN 1-4102-1728-0, p. 202 (RAPHAEL).
  26. ↑ Wilhelm Schneemelcher, Neutestamentarische Apokryphen. In deutscher Übersetzung: 2 Bde., Mohr Siebeck; 1999
  27. ↑ Wilhelm Schneemelcher, Neutestamentarische Apokryphen. In deutscher Übersetzung: 2 Bde., Mohr Siebeck; 1999, Vol. 1, p. 159
  28. ↑ a b Wilhelm Schneemelcher, Neutestamentarische Apokryphen. In deutscher Übersetzung: 2 Bde., Mohr Siebeck; 1999, Vol. 1, p. 363
  29. ↑ «Antiquities of the Jews - Book XVIII». Sacred-texts.com. Consultado em 12 de agosto de 2010 
  30. ↑ Italians find 'Jesus' foot salve', Dec 10, 2008
  31. ↑ Dolorous Passion Of Our Lord Jesus Christ
  32. ↑ Nomine Zoathan et nomine Chammata; in: Codex Colbertinus, 4051 (Lat. 254), National Library, Paris
  33. ↑ Nomine Zoatham et nomine Camma; in: Codex Colbertinus, 4051 (Lat. 254), National Library, Paris
  34. ↑ Joathas et Maggatras; Codex Rehdigeranus 169, National Library, Berlin (Depot Breslau 5); facsimile: Library of the University of Basel, A. N. IV.2
  35. ↑ "Longinus", in: Johann Evangelist Stadler et al., Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon, 1858-1882 (reprint: Hildesheim, 1996)

Para mais referências

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